[205], Arguably his greatest diplomatic achievement was negotiating with Phraates IV of Parthia (372BC) in 20BC for the return of the battle standards lost by Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae, a symbolic victory and great boost of morale for Rome. [158] He was defended by Lucius Licinius Varro Murena who told the trial that his client had received specific instructions from Augustus ordering him to attack the client state. His memory was enshrined in the political ethos of the Imperial age as a paradigm of the good emperor. [64][65], The Senate heaped many more rewards on Decimus Brutus than on Octavian for defeating Antony, then attempted to give command of the consular legions to Decimus Brutus. In many languages, Caesar became the word for emperor, as in the German Kaiser and in the Bulgarian and subsequently Russian Tsar (sometimes Csar or Czar). SDB Popularity ranking: Meanwhile, Octavian asked for a divorce from Claudia, the daughter of Fulvia (Antony's wife) and her first husband Publius Clodius Pulcher. Under the name of Gaius Julius Caesar he next secured official recognition as Caesars adoptive son. However, Augustus had put the state in order not by making himself king or dictator, but by creating the Principate. Talent analysis of Augustus Toplady by expression number 6. [152] Even worse, the involvement of Marcellus provided some measure of proof that Augustus's policy was to have the youth take his place as princeps, instituting a form of monarchy accusations that had already played out. He also awarded the title "Queen of Kings" to Cleopatra, acts that Octavian used to convince the Roman Senate that Antony had ambitions to diminish the preeminence of Rome. If "Augustus" is a title and not a name, why is the first - Quora Thanks to his prestige or auctoritas, his wishes would usually be obeyed, but there might be some difficulty. In his capacity as princeps, selfishness and selflessness coexisted in his mind. 1. [280], Augustus built the Palazzo a Mare palace on Capri. [116][117] Octavian had previously shown little mercy to surrendered enemies and acted in ways that had proven unpopular with the Roman people, yet he was given credit for pardoning many of his opponents after the Battle of Actium. However, the sources agree that enacting the proscriptions was a means by all three factions to eliminate political enemies. Augustus apparently preferred the term 'princeps' (first citizen) which he had been granted, though he also kept the title imperator to point out his position as military chief of staff. Augustine FamilyTree DNA Project - A description of a group researching the paternal lines of men who bear the surname with the help of DNA analysis. Augustus. 48. October 23 - Battle of Philippi - Antony and Octavian avenge Caesar's assassination. Provincials were decently treated. Shortly thereafter Lepidus fell from power, and Augustus waged war against Antony and Cleopatra. How Did August Get Its Name? - Grunge.com Augustus Family Obituaries | Augustus Last Name Obits [67] He encountered no military opposition in Rome and on 19 August 43BC was elected consul with his relative Quintus Pedius as co-consul. The Italian Peninsula was left open to all for the recruitment of soldiers, but in reality this provision was useless for Antony in the East. [60][61] He assumed the fasces on 7 January,[62] a date that he would later commemorate as the beginning of his public career. He failed to encourage enough senators to finance the building and maintenance of networks of roads in Italy in 20 BC, but he undertook direct responsibility for them. Antony besieged him at Mutina[58] and rejected the resolutions passed by the Senate to stop the fighting. [132] However, the Senate had control of only five or six legions distributed among three senatorial proconsuls, compared to the twenty legions under the control of Octavian, and their control of these regions did not amount to any political or military challenge to Octavian. [167] For some years, Augustus had been awarded tribunicia sacrosanctitas, the immunity given to a tribune of the plebs. With this title, he boasted his familial link to deified Julius Caesar, and the use of imperator signified a permanent link to the Roman tradition of victory. [118], After Actium and the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra, Octavian was in a position to rule the entire republic under an unofficial principate[119]but he had to achieve this through incremental power gains. He is largely credited with founding the Roman Empire, even if his adoptive father was the first leader to be officially called Emperor, because he consolidated the boundaries and was honored not as a dictator but as a rightful leader of the Empire. The name originally was a cognomen applied to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus as emperor, with a sense something like "his majesty." Entries linking to Augustus august (adj.) [f] Aware of his deteriorating relationship with Octavian, Antony left Cleopatra; he sailed to Italy in 40BC with a large force to oppose Octavian, laying siege to Brundisium. [255] He also restored 82 different temples to display his care for the Roman pantheon of deities. The Senate had no army to enforce their resolutions. [286] Scientific analysis of traces of paint found in his official statues show that he most likely had light brown hair and eyes (his hair and eyes were depicted as the same color).[287]. Originally named Gaius Octavius, he was born into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia. How Common Is The Last Name Augustus? There are 2,000 immigration records available for the last name Augustus. As coins spread quickly throughout the empire, this was an effective way to link his name to both prosperity and accomplishment (Kleiner 160). [266], An equally important reform was the abolition of private tax farming, which was replaced by salaried civil service tax collectors. [89], Sextus Pompeius threatened Octavian in Italy by denying shipments of grain through the Mediterranean Sea to the peninsula. This was about 21% of all the recorded Augustus's in USA. 47. [80] Antony and Octavian then sent 28 legions by sea to face the armies of Brutus and Cassius, who had built their base of power in Greece. Not including The United States Augustus exists in 78 countries. - A.D. 14, first Roman emperor 27 B.C. [223] Drusus's marriage to Augustus's niece Antonia was considered an unbreakable affair, whereas Vipsania was "only" the daughter of the late Agrippa from his first marriage. This was to be achieved in small, undramatic and incremental ways that did not stir senatorial fears of monarchy. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Augustus originated as a title given by the Roman Senate to the first Roman Emperor, Octavian, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, in 27 B.C. Feminine form: Augusta. It is best summarized in the full title: "the achievements of the deified Augustus by which he placed the . An ideal gift. Augustus Name Meaning, Origin, Popularity, Boy Names Like Augustus Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. [251] In the year 6 Augustus established the aerarium militare, donating 170million sesterces to the new military treasury that provided for both active and retired soldiers. [248] This was supported by numerous auxiliary units of 500 non-citizen soldiers each, often recruited from recently conquered areas. This new conflict proved untenable for both Octavian and Antony, however. In 43 BC his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, was assassinated and in his will, Octavius, known as Octavian, was named as his heir. He was immensely hardworking and tried as hard as any democratic parliamentarian to treat his senatorial colleagues with respect and sensitivity. [158][187] All the accused were sentenced to death for treason and executed as soon as they were capturedwithout ever giving testimony in their defence. In 26 BC the senate officially gave him the name Augustus, and after his death it was used as a title for subsequent emperors. [242] The inscriptions in Latin featured translations in Greek beside it, and were inscribed on many public edifices, such as the temple in Ankara dubbed the Monumentum Ancyranum, called the "queen of inscriptions" by historian Theodor Mommsen. Consequently, he took the name, Gaius Julius Caesar. He took the title of pontifex maximus (Highest Priest) in 12 BC after the death of M. Aemilius Lepidus. Known as Octavius (or Octavian) until he was 35, in a divisive civil war, Caesar defeated Mark Anthony to become the undisputed leader of the new Roman Empire and he ruled from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. As Lepidus and Octavian accepted the surrender of Pompeius's troops, Lepidus attempted to claim Sicily for himself, ordering Octavian to leave. Caesars assassins, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, ignored him and withdrew to the east. Family name origins & meanings. Augustus was intelligent, decisive, and a shrewd politician, but he was not perhaps as charismatic as Julius Caesar and was influenced on occasion by Livia (sometimes for the worse). Augustus's retention of an annual consulate drew attention to his de facto dominance over the Roman political system and cut in half the opportunities for others to achieve what was still nominally the preeminent position in the Roman state. The Empire's frontiers were on the ocean, or distant rivers. Augustus. 107+ Beautiful Middle Names for Augustus - Raising Families Naturally [227] This continued the tradition of presenting at least two generations of heirs. His reign of 41 years was almost twice as long as the first runner-upin case you're curious, that person is Antoninus Pius, who ruled for fewer than 23 years. Ankara, Temple of Roma and Augustus. After the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE, Augustus joined forces with Caesars former chief lieutenant, Mark Antony, and his magister equitium (master of the cavalry), Marcus Lepidus, to form the Second Triumvirate of Rome. The police force was divided into cohorts of 500 men each, while the units of firemen ranged from 500 to 1,000 men each, with 7 units assigned to 14 divided city sectors. 1611, The Holy Bible, [ ] ( King James Version ), London: [ ] Robert Barker, [ ], OCLC 964384981, Luke 2:1: And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the world . This in effect gave Augustus constitutional power superior to all other proconsuls in the empire. In his will Caesar formally adopted Augustus as his son and identified him as his chief personal heir. [203] The capture of the Alpine region also served the next offensive in 12BC, when Tiberius began the offensive against the Pannonian tribes of Illyricum, and his brother Nero Claudius Drusus moved against the Germanic tribes of the eastern Rhineland. Octavian soon reached an agreement with Antony and with another of Caesars principal supporters, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, who had succeeded him as chief priest. Augustus was the beginning of the time called the Principate period, which is characterized as a time where rulers of the new monarchy tried their best to preserve aspects of the Roman Republic. You can now run AUGUSTUS on the German MediGRID. Probably an altered form of English Thickpenny which belonged to a late 15th-century merchant family based in Plymouth (Devon) and in York. A similar ambiguity is seen in his chosen names, the implied rejection of monarchical titles whereby he called himself Princeps Civitatis (First Citizen) juxtaposed with his adoption of the ancient title augustus. Right here at FameChain. There had certainly been peace, but it was a blood-stained peace of disasters and assassinations.[260]. See the popularity of the girl's name Augustus over time, plus its meaning, origin, common sibling names, and more in BabyCenter's Baby Names tool. [155] This was a clever ploy by Augustus; ceasing to serve as one of two annually elected consuls allowed aspiring senators a better chance to attain the consular position while allowing Augustus to exercise wider patronage within the senatorial class. masc. The great villa of Vedius Pollio at Posilipo near Naples was beqeathed (probably forced) to him in 15 BC. He had composed an account of his achievements, the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, to be inscribed in bronze in front of his mausoleum. Sextilis in fact had 31 days before it was renamed, and it was not chosen for its length (see Julian calendar). https://www.britannica.com/biography/Augustus-Roman-emperor, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Augustus, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Augustus, Heritage History - Biography of Augustus Caesar, Augustus - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Augustus - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [55][56][57], In the face of Octavian's large and capable force, Antony saw the danger of staying in Rome and, to the relief of the Senate, he left Rome for Cisalpine Gaul, which was to be handed to him on 1 January. Legally, it was closed to patricians, a status that Augustus had acquired some years earlier when adopted by Julius Caesar. Augustus is the world's 1,852nd most prevalent name. 2. a title of office given to rulers of the Roman Republic after Octavianus. [93] In an agreement reached at Tarentum, Antony provided 120 ships for Octavian to use against Pompeius, while Octavian was to send 20,000 legionaries to Antony for use against Parthia. This desire, as well as the Marcus Primus affair, led to a second compromise between him and the Senate known as the second settlement. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Augustus surname lived. [50] In September, the leading optimate orator Marcus Tullius Cicero began to attack Antony in a series of speeches portraying him as a threat to the republican order. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Augustus Caesar, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Gaius Octavius, Octavian. Their centurions, who had become important figures politically, refused to fight because of their Caesarian cause, while the legions under their command followed suit. In the year 29BC, Augustus gave 400 sesterces (equal to 1/10 of a Roman pound of gold) each to 250,000 citizens, 1,000 sesterces each to 120,000 veterans in the colonies, and spent 700million sesterces in purchasing land for his soldiers to settle upon. [218][219] This granting of power showed Augustus's favor for Agrippa, but it was also a measure to please members of his Caesarian party by allowing one of their members to share a considerable amount of power with him. Its reliefs depicted the imperial pageants of the praetorians, the Vestals, and the citizenry of Rome. [167], The primary reasons for the second settlement were as follows. View Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for Augustus. In 22, 21, and 19BC, the people rioted in response and only allowed a single consul to be elected for each of those years, ostensibly to leave the other position open for Augustus. Augustus Akiwumi (1891-1985), Nigerian-born Ghanaian politician, banker, judge, and scientist Augustus Alden (1837-1886), American politician Augustus Allen, several people Augustus Allhusen (1867-1925), English politician Augustus Alt (1731-1815), British soldier and Australian surveyor [234], Augustus's famous last words were, "Have I played the part well? It was also a title given to the son of Julius Caesar, Octavian, who was the first emperor of Rome. Augustus chose Imperator ("victorious commander") to be his first name, since he wanted to make an emphatically clear connection between himself and the notion of victory, and consequently became known as Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus. Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; Boda, Sharon La (1 January 1996). Syria (like Egypt after Antony) was governed by a high prefect of the equestrian class rather than by a proconsul or legate of Augustus. He therefore followed the advice of Arius Didymus that "two Caesars are one too many", ordering Caesarion killed while sparing Cleopatra's children by Antony, with the exception of Antony's older son. [42] After a warm welcome by Caesar's soldiers at Brundisium,[43] Octavian demanded a portion of the funds that were allotted by Caesar for the intended war against the Parthian Empire in the Middle East. What was Augustus' full name? I know he used many names, but - Quora [229], On 19 August AD 14,[230][231] Augustus died while visiting Nola where his father had died. Augustus: First Emperor of Rome: Goldsworthy, Adrian [219], Augustus's intent became apparent to make Gaius and Lucius Caesar his heirs when he adopted them as his own children. [139] The title princeps senatus originally meant the member of the Senate with the highest precedence,[140] but in this case it became an almost regnal title for a leader who was first in charge. Augustus II - DW - 08/23/2011 The surname Augustus is most widely held in The United States, where it is borne by 3,659 people, or 1 in 99,060. [247] With Rome's civil wars at an end, Augustus was also able to create a standing army for the Roman Empire, fixed at a size of 28 legions of about 170,000 soldiers. Pennsylvania had the highest population of Augustus families in 1840. The name Augustus is primarily a male name of Latin origin that means Great. As per its Biblical mention, the meaning of Augustus can be translated to "increased" or "augmented." With multiple cultural origins, the name can be stated to be a prominent one across multiple cultures and regions. In 27 BCE Augustus restored the republic of Rome, though he himself retained all real power as the princeps, or first citizen, of Rome. He rudely demanded to know why Augustus had turned up to a trial to which he had not been called; Augustus replied that he came in the public interest. Several cameo portraits include the Blacas Cameo and Gemma Augustea. [173] Murena disbelieved Augustus's testimony and resented his attempt to subvert the trial by using his auctoritas. [47][48], Arriving in Rome on 6 May 44BC, Octavian found consul Mark Antony, Caesar's former colleague, in an uneasy truce with the dictator's assassins. [100] Octavian used this to spread propaganda implying that Antony was becoming less than Roman because he rejected a legitimate Roman spouse for an "Oriental paramour". [166] This power allowed him to convene the Senate and people at will and lay business before them, to veto the actions of either the Assembly or the Senate, to preside over elections, and to speak first at any meeting. Because of this, Octavius was raised by his grandmother, Julia, the sister of Julius Caesar. In 1840 there were 5 Augustus families living in Pennsylvania. [249], With his finances securing the maintenance of roads throughout Italy, Augustus also installed an official courier system of relay stations overseen by a military officer known as the praefectus vehiculorum. On 13 January 27 BC, Octavian made a show of returning full power to the Roman Senate and relinquishing his control of the Roman provinces and their armies. Due to this act, Augustus was called the Father of Italy by Italian historians such as G. Augustus Girl's name meaning, origin, and popularity He returned Claudia to her mother, claiming that their marriage had never been consummated. His grandfather had served in several local political offices. [67] In July, an embassy of centurions sent by Octavian entered Rome and demanded the consulship left vacant by Hirtius and Pansa[68] and also that the decree should be rescinded which declared Antony a public enemy. [241] Copies of the text were inscribed throughout the Empire upon his death. This was publicized on the Roman currency issued in 16 BC, after he donated vast amounts of money to the aerarium Saturni, the public treasury. [131] Octavian became the most powerful political figure in the city of Rome and in most of its provinces, but he did not have a monopoly on political and martial power. This interesting surname is derived from the Latin personal name Augustus meaning "Venerable". He had clear, bright eyes His teeth were wide apart, small, and ill-kept; his hair was slightly curly and inclined to golden;[l] his eyebrows met. Revered, exalted Origin Latin Theme Alternatives to A-list celebrity baby names Baby names inspired by summer St. Patrick's Day Popularity #686 in 2022 -132 from 2021 Source: BabyCenter user data Popularity over time Source: Social Security Administration & BabyCenter user data Baby Names Finder Gender Boy Girl Both Augustus is a 35-year-old man with short, golden brown hair, a handlebar mustache that curls at the ends, and small, pointed goatee that also curls. When it comes to Augustus II the Strong, separating legend from truth becomes tricky. [g] Augustus also styled himself as Imperator Caesar divi filius, "Commander Caesar son of the deified one". Cicero, the famous orator who was one of Romes principal elder statesmen, hoped to make use of him but underestimated his abilities. [253] They had the power to intimidate the Senate, install new emperors, and depose ones they disliked; the last emperor they served was Maxentius, as it was Constantine I who disbanded them in the early 4th century and destroyed their barracks, the Castra Praetoria. It is also the 20,546th most widespread first name globally It is held by 43,980 people. Emperor Caesar Octavian Augustus. [189] This seems to have assuaged the populace; regardless of whether or not Augustus was a consul, the importance was that he both appeared as one before the people and could exercise consular power if necessary. Roman citizens adopted into a new family usually retained their old nomen in cognomen form (e.g., Octavianus for one who had been an Octavius, Aemilianus for one who had been an Aemilius, etc.). [77] Marcus Velleius Paterculus asserted that Octavian tried to avoid proscribing officials whereas Lepidus and Antony were to blame for initiating them. Gaius Octaviuss mother, Atia, was the daughter of Julia, the sister of Julius Caesar, and it was Caesar who launched the young Octavius in Roman public life. [44] A later senatorial investigation into the disappearance of the public funds took no action against Octavian since he subsequently used that money to raise troops against the Senate's arch enemy Mark Antony. The most Augustus families were found in USA in 1880. This was only in part a personal trait, for upper-class Romans were educated to compete with one another and to excel. Only 195 baby boys were named Gus in 2019. Augustus Caesar's birth name was Gaius Octavius. Pennsylvania had the highest population of Augustus families in 1840. [86] This bloody event sullied Octavian's reputation and was criticized by many, such as Augustan poet Sextus Propertius. Meet Caesar Augustus in the Bible - First Roman Emperor - Learn Religions [184], There were some who were concerned by the expansion of powers granted to Augustus by the second settlement, and this came to a head with the apparent conspiracy of Fannius Caepio. [58][60][63] Antony's forces were defeated at the battles of Forum Gallorum (14 April) and Mutina (21 April), forcing Antony to retreat to Transalpine Gaul. [262] The 3rd-century historian Cassius Dio acknowledged Augustus as a benign, moderate ruler, yet like most other historians after the death of Augustus, Dio viewed Augustus as an autocrat. The cult of Divus Augustus continued until the state religion of the Empire was changed to Christianity in 391 by Theodosius I. Consequently, there are many excellent statues and busts of the first emperor. He reformed the monetary system and significantly expanded Roman territory. In addition to claiming responsibility for both victories, Antony branded Octavian as a coward for handing over his direct military control to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa instead. Antony had lost the support of many Romans and supporters of Caesar when he initially opposed the motion to elevate Caesar to divine status. As Tacitus wrote, the younger generations alive in AD 14 had never known any form of government other than the Principate. Force had been sparingly usedmerely to preserve peace for the majority.[259]. The Augustus family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. In 2017, 732 newborns were given the name Augustus, which was the highest documented use of the name. In 27 BCE he nominally restored the republic of Rome and instituted a series of constitutional and financial reforms that culminated in the birth of the principate. The christian name is widespread, usually in the Latin form, but as a surname is rare, both in Middle English and today. [237] Shotter suggests that Augustus's deification obliged Tiberius to suppress any open resentment that he might have harbored, coupled with Tiberius's "extremely conservative" attitude towards religion. [160][161] This was a surprise to many who believed Augustus would have named an heir to his position as an unofficial emperor. He . Dutch German English Welsh West Indian (mainly Trinidad and Tobago) and African (mainly Nigeria): from the Latin personal name. However, he combined an overriding concern for his personal interests with a deep-seated patriotism, based on a nostalgia of Rome's antique virtues. 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