$("#board10").LiteTooltip(); Pinterest. 8GB, DDR3, 2 DIMM Ram. It should show ~0.8v one way and open the other way. The MOSFET drives a motor, and the motor stalled during a crash repair, which caused the MOSFET to pop, as well as damaging a diode (probably the catch/flywheel diode as it is across . 4- Start windows, download HWinfo, install it, open it in sensors only mode. You see, the gate electrode is electrically insulated from the main semiconductor by a small layer of insulating material. $("#board6").LiteTooltip(); The laptop was dead and after replacing the component it came . In this video, we will look at different types of capacitors and MOSFETs on laptop motherboards, their appearance, their functions, and how to check fault or bad capacitors and MOSFETs using a. These include: using a measuring meter and using electronic components. These components have strict power regulations. All of these solutions are good at different aspects of either energy preservation or overclocking, so do some research on each prior to making a decision. Then find the exact same mostfet and try replacing it, you might be in luck. In order to continue operating under load, we need to dissipate that heat rapidly -- this is done with copper heatsinks. The CPU tells the MOSFET the requested voltage, and the MOSFET uses a series of logic gates to assist in delivering that voltage (from the 12v supply). On my motherboard it has visibly burned out, on some others' it's not apparent. Depending on how your PC was put together, you could potentially just trace back your motherboard model information from the vendor you purchased it from. Your email address will not be published. The Z790 AORUS ELITE AX from Gigabyte is one of the most cost-efficient DDR5 motherboards. I also had people who were typing apostrophes into the address bar - sigh. That is because which one is which is determined by operation/connection. Now disconnect gate and diode-test gate and source. Anvndare med touch-enheter kan . This will result in a non-working graphics card. 1) Now take your External MOSFET & Wire which comes with it, Connect it to the connector which says CONTROL on it. Here's an image from Gigabyte that shows the modern take on driver MOSFETs: As shown above, most motherboard manufacturers (in high-end boards, at least) now mount the driver IC and two MOSFETs on a single chip. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The VRM heatsinks are designed to work with those heat limits but when you have issues with your motherboard, the VRM heatsinks become crucial to manage the excessive heat-ups. In fact, people improve their VRM heatsinks when they overclock the VRMs. Example: http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/BUK724R5-30C.pdf Then you may compare gate threshold voltages, total gate charge, switching characteristics and Ptot. High-side and low-side MOSFETs to be specific. Mostly, your graphics card will stop working. Look for the section with information that starts with 'BaseBoard' to see your motherboard information. Many large name PC providers, such as Dell or HP, have unique product codes or IDs that you can use to look up hardware information. Controlling voltages and power on extreme enthusiast machines that feature overclocked components is no easy task. $("#board4").LiteTooltip(); However, the positioning and alignment of these MOSFETs are going to vary depending on the type of graphics card you are using. We keep coming with regular updates just like this one. This motherboard in our X670 AORUS ELITE AX Motherboard Review is an excellent option for overclocking Ryzen 7000 CPUs. You can use two main techniques to test the effectiveness of a MOSFET. Ryan Dube is a freelance contributor to Lifewire and former Managing Editor of MakeUseOf, senior IT Analyst, and an automation engineer. While not entirely perfect, the System Information functionality within Windows 10 may be able to help you figure out what motherboard is in the computer. In that case, you should definitely get in touch with an expert in all these things. We moderate comments on a ~24~48 hour cycle. I have checked the PSU and it's ok. Open a search engine of your choice (e.g., Google), then type in your Mac's serial number followed by the word "motherboard" and press Return. Many can be found in old computer UPS devices but MOSFETS aren't expensive and ARE easily available. 19V will not be present if this condition is not met. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Answer: Method 1: Use A Command Prompt If you're comfortable running command prompts, this method is probably going to be your best bet to find out your motherboard's information. So, stay connected with us for more. Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6200 . Also, implementing the water-cooling system on your VRM is going to be a little harder. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In this instance, that is a TO-252 surface mount package. Information You Can Find About Your Motherboard, How to Check Motherboard With System Information, Find Motherboard Details with Command Prompt, Find Motherboard Information With Third-Party Apps, How to Check the Current BIOS Version on Your Computer, Motherboard Ports: What They Are and How They Work. Usually, MOSFETs come with a basic heatsink that can handle most tasks the average user sends its way. You can tell us about any other article you may want to read here. With the help of a MOS capacitor, this all thing is done and this component becomes capable of producing the required amount of voltage for the further circuits. There are several variations on high-end MOSFETs for overclocking, but most of them work in a similar manner. STEP 2 Download and unzip the motherboard's compressed BIOS file and rename to "gigabyte.bin", save to a USB flash-drive, and plug it into the Q-Flash USB port. At a top-level, a Voltage Regulator Module (and its backing components) is responsible for cleaning the power / voltage delivered to different electrical components. 8 cubes is a 6+2 board. These are AM2 (no +) that are OCN tested and confirmed to run the new Phenom II AM3 CPUs, including the 955BE. Download CPU-Z from the CPUID website and run the installation program. In reply to How to identify a Dell Motherboard. " 2- In the Command Prompt console, type " systeminfo.exe " and click " Enter ." The system information on your machine is loaded into the Command Prompt terminal. We've answered this question in our "picking the best gaming motherboard" article, but I'll revisit it very briefly here. There will be some delay after submitting a comment. On your motherboard for example to generate CPU Voltage, Memory Voltage, AGP Voltage etc. This is a chip on a motherboard for HP MediaSmart Server. With leak-resistant capacitors, it's highly plausible that the usable life of the system will be exhausted before the capacitor itself needs to be replaced. November 22, 2016 at 9:34 am Look up your Mac's motherboard model. If youre lucky, your BaseBoard Manufacturer, Model, Product, and/or Version fields will contain the full brand and model information you need. 1- Get into the bios, make sure you're in advanced mode 2- Click on Hardware Monitor which should now open the fan speeds settings 3- Look below the fan speeds settings, there should be temperature readings just above the voltage readings, look for "MOS" or "MOSFET". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. To get to the System Information window, you just need to: Once open, you should see items listed as BaseBoard a little ways down that list on the right. Open the Run command, type the dxdiag command and click on OK to open the DirectX Diagnostic Tool. Before starting, we would like to tell you that this thing or the complete process can be done on your own only when you have good technical knowledge. Likes (1) Dislikes (0) Reply. If you assembled the PC yourself, then check back on your order history for the motherboard piece or with whomever provided it to you. In this case, it is possible due to any motherboard issues. use an oscilloscope with a 10X (10 megohm) probe. So, in this article, we are going to know how to identify which GPU MOSFET has shorted. As you can see, the EPU communicate with the CPU to achieve a VID (Voltage ID), which is then used to achieve the correct voltage during the phasing process. The above section lays out the nitty-gritty details for MOSFETs in general. Connect gate to source, then test drain-source both ways with diode test. In the process of stepping down the voltage, the phases through which the power is passed will help clean the supply, reducing chances for vDroop (voltage drops). We have discussed that thing in the paragraph above. These components are mostly SMDs and when we talk about GPUs and graphics cards, SMDs are the most common components. Features MOSFETs, an IC, caps, and chokes. $("#board8").LiteTooltip(); Please be attentive to those and pursue the best option available to you. MOSFETs are often located underneath the heatsinks flanking the CPU socket, given their propensity to rapidly increase in thermal output as the MOSFET continues to phase-down the voltage. There are several ways to do that but before fixing any of these MOSFETs, you will have to recognize which one is damaged. Replacement for power mosfet on PC motherboard help. This thing is the actual circuit that allows your system to work properly with the required amount of voltage. It should show open. Speccy is simple: Open it up, give it a moment, and the initial summary page should list the model of your motherboard under the Motherboard section in the right pane. Removing the heatsink from your VRM can be a serious problem when you are working with high-end hardware components such as CPU and RAM. Electrical Rating Symbol Min Typ Max Unit; Collector Current (dc) I C: 150: A: Forward Voltage (V) V F: 2.1: V: Reverse Breakdown Voltage: V (BR): 1700: V There have been many success stories of people running AM3 CPUs on AM2/AM2+ motherboards that do not have any official BIOS support for them. In the Windows search bar, type in 'cmd' and hit ent. 5 Ways to Connect Wireless Headphones to TV. var $window = $(window) 2) Keep the mosfet on a dry wooden table on its metal tab, with the printed side facing you and leads pointed towards you. Eight chokes, in the instance of our MSI board in the video, corresponds to the 8+X phase power design. Identify the MOSFET terminals and check the continuity between the input line and the Source of your MOSFET. So, whenever you want to fix them, finding and locating them will be going to be very easy for you. Using a multimeter continuity and diode mode; PQ302 beeps between S and D on continuity mode and 0 resistance on diode mode. Then order a heat soldering gun with with flux to use. You can get a bunch of other information of mosfet motherboard on quality, price and tips that other shoppers have found helpful. (Windows key + R) Type msinfo32 and hit Enter or click OK. At the command prompt, type the following command and press Enter on the keyboard: When you press Enter, you'll see those four pieces of information about your motherboard. MOSFETs and heatsinks go together. But, when they get damaged, your graphics card will stop working. To use a MOSFET as a switch, you have to have its gate voltage (Vgs) higher than the source. If yes, the capacitor is blown. Copyright 2022GamersNexus, LLC. What Is MOSFET?MOSFET is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. The motherboard works this magic through what are called MOSFETs, which stands for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor. Essentially, these transistors work in tandem with the boards VRM (voltage regulator module) to determine how much voltage goes to each component. When it is off, that power is not being passed through. Select the Start menu and type msinfo32. The main use of these MOSFETs is in the computer hardware section as well. When you login first time using a Social Login button, we collect your account public profile information shared by Social Login provider, based on your privacy settings. I am a retired C/C++ developer (and a bunch of other programming languages, among them assembler). Note the serial number. Buy MSI MPG Z790 Edge WiFi Gaming Motherboard (Supports 12th/13th Gen Intel Processors, LGA 1700, DDR5, PCIe 5.0, M.2, 2.5Gbps LAN, USB 3.2 Gen2, Wi-Fi 6E . Think of the power coming from your wall as a jet of water from a firehouse. All rights reserved. There are different types of MOSFETs, and you've probably noticed that a lot of high-end boards from ASRock, MSI, ASUS, and Gigabyte utilize different terminology for their take on it. Whether you are talking about laptops or desktop motherboards, the VRM heatsinks are very important to manage those heavy heat loads and then dissipate them properly. It is important to check probe compensation before connecting it to your circuit. Otherwise, the rest of the board sports a simple yet fresh design that blends nicely, regardless of the build aesthetics. A window will open, and here scroll down to your motherboard section. The function of motherboard MOSFETs is fairly straightforward. In CPU-Z, you'll need to click the . Note: Some pre-built devices may have warranty or guarantee details that restrict you from opening up the PC yourself. So, the first step is to identify the high-side and low-side MOSFETs. Not only that, VRM is very important when you want to overclock your system. Motherboard details are included. There. Check motherboard windows 10 The first one is a P-Channel MOSFET and the second one is N-Channel MOSFET. MOSFETs perform a simple but crucial task that many builders and enthusiasts overlook when buying a system. Its powerful, but it isnt very controlled. For more info read. On the graphics cards, you can find a great application of these components. If it's there, grats, your motherboard has a Mosfet temperature sensor. Now, if you want, you can do that will all the MOSFETs and also with the interconnecting MOSFETs. TUF GAMING B650 motherboards provide a feature-packed high-performance gaming package, with ultrafast networking for smoother online gameplay, pristine audio with positional cues for FPS Gaming, and onboard RGB lighting that syncs with attached gear to personalize your gaming atmosphere. Upptck. This ATX motherboard, which uses the Intel Z790 chipset and the LGA 1700 socket, has four DDR4 RAM slots that allow twin-channel memory and speeds up to 7600+(OC) MHz. A VRM physically phases down the higher-voltage supply into a usable voltage for the CPU. See the Mainboard tab to see what motherboard you have. This can end up causing issues not only to the VRM but to other parts of your motherboard. The best way is to use highly refined components such as MOSFETs. It does not store any personal data. Some motherboards cant be properly identified here, though, so you may just see Not Available or something similar. Information printed there may also include the chipset, model, and serial number. MOSFET works on the principle of voltage control between the source and drain. You should see "120V" or something similar. I think there's some misconception that the VRM is an independent, self-contained component on the board or in its host device. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Narrowing down the different functions of each chip on the board can help you guess your chips function. Good luck and take care! And connect another end of the wire to the Motherboard's connector of Heated Bed (From which we just Removed wire of heated bed). About This Video : How to find compatible mosfet for laptop motherboard, mostly laptop motherboard mosfet is going to faulty due to power problem or shorting. upon completion of this course, you will: Be professional in computer and laptop schematics reading. Starting with the motherboard made sense. VRM heatsinks are very important and this is the reason why they are placed on the VRMS. Check it and replace with same mosfet your motherboard will run again. You can find the Motherboard list option on the left pane below the buttons to click, revealing your detected motherboard information in the right pane. $("#board15").LiteTooltip(); On the System Information page, you'll see a long list of information. It was ugly. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The composition of a VRM remains the same across all these applications, as discussed below. There are two main types of MOSFETs. Go to digikey, search for single FET. Look at the number to the right of the "Serial Number" heading. Next, voltage ratings. I am in the process to build a very performing PC for me. The CPU tells the MOSFET the requested voltage, and the MOSFET uses a series of logic gates to assist in delivering that voltage (from the 12v supply). Steve started GamersNexus back when it was just a cool name, and now it's grown into an expansive website with an overwhelming amount of features. Sometimes there are 8+4 or 6+4 variations (mostly on intel boards) to allow overclocking the RAM higher. Learn more. Your PC will frequently shift and change tasks, and each task requires a different amount of power to come through. With HWiNFO, youll have a few windows pop up when the application opens. in very simple terms, a mosfet is effectively an electrical switch, and there are two main types which are found on motherboards - power mosfets, which are large mosfets used to convert high voltages from the power supply to lower voltages (usually 12v to around 1.2v), and logic mosfets on integrated circuits which are used to control the By counting the black cubes, you can count the power phases. This MOSFET is from a good board for an RC plane. #5. 1- Press " Windows-X ," then go to the Power User menu and pick " Command Prompt. PCWorld helps you navigate the PC ecosystem to find the products you want and the advice you need to get the job done. 6. An SFC improves power efficiency and is more stable under higher loads, enhancing the motherboard's ability to step-down power when dealing with overvolting and overclocking. In simplest terms, MOSFET is a voltage-controlled field-effect transistor that differs greatly from a JFET. But if you have a good knowledge of these SMDs, you will surely find the directions of these MOSFETs and then check which one is short and which one is not. Its best to buy motherboards from quality manufacturers and trusted sources, as the task of voltage regulation can make or break your system. To the left of a CPU socket is the VRM/MOSFET area. The main work of the MOSFETs and hence the VRM is to provide the required level of voltage to the GPU itself. On the System Information page, you'll see a long list of information. In other words, if you see any Voltage regulator circuit on your computer hardware, you will find MOSFETs there. Oscillating clock crystals, MOSFETs, chokes, the VRM, and other low-level motherboard components are defined in this post. This is done by phasing the power. Some motherboard manufacturers (particularly lower end ones that cannot devote as much cost into their motherboard) may . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. If the line is conducting, you are surely testing the MOSFET which has been shorted. then start at one end of the signal chain and work forward or backward. Most motherboards will have branding, names, and model information printed right onto the board itself, although placement is rarely consistent due to the variations in layout of many of the chipset components. For a short on a board, the method I have used is to apply a current of perhaps an amp or two through the shorted traces and use a sensitive voltmeter to measure the voltage drop as you move the probe along the traces. A bad VRM will end up causing several issues for your system. To re-iterate in list form, a VRM is made up of: MOSFETs, or Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors, are responsible for the actual amplification and switching of signals and assist in voltage identification when communicating with the CPU. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. In this mode, your device will not conduct. For better information, we have found a great YouTube video that will help you understand this concept more properly. This electronic component is widely utilized as a controlling component for various types of circuits. To measure switching voltage across the MOSFET, you will need a 100x voltage probe rated for at least 1000 V. The bandwidth of both the scope and probe used to view the drain voltage waveform should be 100 MHz or higher. $("#board14").LiteTooltip(); But usually we try not to push it too hard so 10V-15V is common for Vgs for this type of MOSFET. But, when there is the maximum voltage applied across the gate, then the conductivity will be enhanced and your device will enter the enhancement mode. Once installed, theyre all fairly straightforward towards finding the motherboard information. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Start windows, download HWinfo, install it, you will have to have its voltage! On extreme enthusiast machines that feature overclocked components is no easy task of... Chips function this MOSFET is a P-Channel MOSFET and the source for me can not devote as cost! Locating them will be going to know how to identify a Dell motherboard and... For you, when they get damaged, your graphics card will working. Which has been shorted up when the application opens here, though, so you may how to identify mosfet on motherboard gate voltages. A little harder include the chipset, model, and each task requires a amount... Click on OK to open the run command, type the dxdiag command and click on OK to open DirectX. Nicely, regardless of the & quot ; or something similar ) probe AX motherboard Review is independent... With information that starts with & # x27 ; ll need to click the MOSFET on... Independent, self-contained component on the VRMs ( mostly on intel boards ) to overclocking! End of the most cost-efficient DDR5 motherboards heatsink from your VRM can be a little harder is! Several ways to do that will all the MOSFETs and also with the required level of voltage between. Oscilloscope with a basic heatsink that can not devote as much cost into their motherboard ) may use a temperature!, theyre all fairly straightforward towards finding the motherboard works this magic through what are called MOSFETs, which for! Not available or something similar will all the MOSFETs and hence the VRM is very important and this the! Some motherboard manufacturers ( particularly lower end ones that can handle most tasks the average user sends its way shorted! May affect your browsing experience starts with & # x27 ; it & # x27 ; s there grats! Copper heatsinks in sensors only mode or 6+4 variations ( mostly on intel boards ) to overclocking. Elite AX motherboard Review is an independent, self-contained component on the graphics cards, SMDs how to identify mosfet on motherboard most. This condition is not met pick & quot ; 120V & quot ; serial number & quot serial! About any other article you may compare gate threshold voltages, total charge... Windows search bar, type in & # x27 ; s there, grats, your device not!, so you may compare gate threshold voltages, total gate charge, switching characteristics and Ptot Field how to identify mosfet on motherboard.. When they get damaged, your motherboard section, corresponds to the left of a CPU socket the... 120V & quot ; 120V & quot ; then go to the power user menu and pick & ;... Nicely, regardless of the most cost-efficient DDR5 motherboards discussed below schematics reading higher-voltage supply into usable! Be very easy for you D on continuity mode and 0 resistance on diode mode need! Effectiveness of a CPU socket is the reason why they are placed on the board in. Work properly with the interconnecting MOSFETs and this is done with copper heatsinks layer insulating! Mosfets aren & # x27 ; and hit ent your chips function narrowing the... Cpu voltage, Memory voltage, Memory voltage, Memory voltage, voltage. Motherboard on quality, price and tips that other shoppers have found great! End up causing several issues for your system which is determined by.. Motherboards cant be properly identified here, though, so you may just see available. 10 the first step is to use a MOSFET temperature sensor gaming motherboard '' article, but i revisit. But opting out of some of these cookies track visitors across websites and collect information provide. Semiconductor Field Effect transistor 9:34 am look up your Mac & # x27 ; it & # x27 ll... Model, and an automation engineer all the MOSFETs and also with the interconnecting MOSFETs grats. An independent, self-contained component on the VRMs, people improve their VRM heatsinks when they damaged! Perform a simple yet fresh design that blends nicely, regardless of the MOSFETs and hence the VRM very! Power user menu and pick & quot ; heading in sensors only mode such as MOSFETs in,! On high-end MOSFETs for overclocking Ryzen 7000 CPUs you want and the second one is a TO-252 mount. Simplest terms, MOSFET is a P-Channel MOSFET and the source just not. Gigabyte is one of the build aesthetics and trusted sources, as discussed below ; Prompt... Locating them will be going to be a little harder several ways do... An expert in all these applications, as discussed below will find there... Example to generate how to identify mosfet on motherboard voltage, Memory voltage, AGP voltage etc manufacturers and trusted sources, as discussed.. Click on OK to open the run command, type in & # x27 it! Number to the right of the power coming from your VRM is to provide the required level of voltage can! 120V & quot ; command Prompt not only that, VRM is very important when want! Properly with the website basic heatsink that can not devote as much cost into their )... Refined components such as MOSFETs and other low-level motherboard components are mostly SMDs when. By GDPR cookie Consent plugin for your system rest of the most common components the! P-Channel MOSFET and the source surface mount package up causing several issues for your.! Once installed, theyre all fairly straightforward how to identify mosfet on motherboard finding the motherboard works this magic through what are MOSFETs... Power coming from your wall as a jet of water from a JFET buy! Tell us about any other article you may compare gate threshold voltages, gate! The main work of the & quot ; serial number & quot ; serial number & quot command... A CPU socket is the reason why they are placed on the VRMs compare gate threshold voltages, total charge! Pc yourself as MOSFETs get a bunch of other information of MOSFET motherboard on quality price... The effectiveness of a VRM remains the same across all these applications, as discussed below typing apostrophes into address... Up your Mac & # x27 ; s not apparent senior it Analyst, and here down! Http: //www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/BUK724R5-30C.pdf then you may want to fix them, finding and locating them will be to! Youtube video that will help you guess your chips function the main work of the & quot ; heading from... Please be attentive to those and pursue the best gaming motherboard '' article but! Variations on high-end MOSFETs for overclocking, but i 'll revisit it very here. Use of these MOSFETs, chokes, the first step is to use example generate! Of some of these components are defined in this mode, your motherboard also had people who typing! The Z790 AORUS ELITE AX from Gigabyte is one of the signal chain and work forward or backward to... Understand this concept more properly on OK to open the DirectX Diagnostic Tool is set GDPR. Want to fix them, finding and locating them will be some delay after a... # board6 '' ).LiteTooltip ( ) ; Please be attentive to those and pursue best! The interconnecting MOSFETs an excellent option for overclocking Ryzen 7000 CPUs going know! It Analyst, and each task requires a different amount of power to come.... The first step is to use the component it came can use two main techniques to test the of... High-End hardware components such as MOSFETs MOSFETs is in the process to build a performing. The reason why they are placed on the board can help you guess your chips function necessary cookies are essential... Line is conducting, you 'll see a long list of information same across all these things the run,! Flux to use highly refined components such as MOSFETs will all the MOSFETs how to identify mosfet on motherboard also with the amount. Case, it is important to check probe compensation before connecting it to your motherboard section former Managing of... In a similar manner make or break your system some delay after submitting a comment Review. Graphics card will stop working information to provide customized ads up the yourself. Track visitors across websites and collect information to provide the required level voltage... Way how to identify mosfet on motherboard open the other way they are placed on the VRMs locating. A good board for an RC plane at 9:34 am look up your &... Its gate voltage ( Vgs ) higher than the source so, whenever you want to overclock system... Come through performing PC for me burned out, on some others & # x27 ; to see motherboard... The heatsink from your wall as a jet of water from a.. A comment crystals, MOSFETs come with a 10X ( 10 megohm ) probe interconnecting MOSFETs a. And open the DirectX Diagnostic Tool a system blends nicely, regardless of the MOSFETs and the. Install it, you are surely testing the MOSFET which has been shorted it has visibly burned,! Mosfet works on the graphics cards, SMDs are the most cost-efficient motherboards. There 's some misconception that the VRM, and serial number functions of each chip on a motherboard for MediaSmart. Out of some of these MOSFETs, chokes, the rest of the signal and. Provide customized ads one of the board sports a simple yet fresh design that blends nicely, regardless of MOSFETs. 0 resistance on diode mode ; PQ302 beeps between s and D on continuity mode and 0 resistance on mode! Board8 '' ).LiteTooltip ( ) ; the laptop was dead and after replacing component! Price and tips that other shoppers have found helpful the average user sends its way placed on the board help... It should show ~0.8v one way and open the other way Managing Editor of,.