Start your family tree now Is your surname de Almeida Lima? Abel De Almeida (Jan 13, 1913 - Dec 1969) Adriano De Almeida . ejemplos de salto arancelario. Are you sure you want to delete this item from your shopping cart? 11 marqus de Abrantes D. Jos Maria da Piedade de Lancastre e Tvora, filho do anterior. Click. SDB Popularity ranking: The progression from arabic to portuguese is said to be "Al majda" -> "Almajda" -> "Almada" -> "Almaida" -> "Almeida". Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Almeida surname lived. de Almeida An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Almeida ancestors lived in harsh conditions. Married firstly in Austria to a Hungarian classical pianist, secondly in New York to an American dancer and thirdly to a Portuguese designer. He was the 5th Lord of Pinheiro and Canela. Jose H De Almeida. This is a famous Portugese locational surname, which derives specifically from the town of Almeida in the province of Beira, Portugal, or from one of the several other villages so named. The surname De almeida is of local origin, that is, it is a surname derived from the place of origin of the initial bearer. SDB Popularity ranking: Antnio de Almeida, 9 e ltimo alcaide-mor de Abrantes, morreu solteiro e sem gerao. Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your De Almeida ancestors, such as occupation. One of the most notable of the name at this time was D. Francisco de Almeida, Viceroy. Browse profiles of historical people with the Almeida last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. Copyright: Name Origin Research 1980 - 2022. Almeida Name Meaning. It translates loosely as "The family (Al) which lives on the plateau (ma'ida)". Geni requires JavaScript! Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022. The arms follow a similar pattern and include gold torteau or besants on a red field. Sample is predominantly from Anglosphere countries, View the tallest/shortest surnames in the world. Familypedia is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. (24) Frei Bernardo de Brito, born in Almeida and chief chronicler of the kingdom, claims that Almeida derives from the configuration of the land on which the village is built and whose original name is Talmeyda. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. He has been in more then 90 films and Television shows acting with actors and directors like Harrison Ford, Gene Hackman, Kim Basinger, Antonio Banderas, Robert Rodriguez, Steven Soderberg, Benicio del Toro and Kiefer Sutherland among others. Browse profiles of historical people with the De Almeida last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. Another 41 words (3 lines of text) covering the years 1223, 1245, 1480, 1508, 1450, 1510, 1480, 1508, 1580, 1646, 1722, 1752, 1572 and 1653 are included under the topic Early De almeida History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. At the age of eighteen, after attending the theater course at the Lisbon Conservatory for two years, he left Portugal to pursue his studies after the Conservatory was . There are already 1,504 users and over 5,000 genealogy profiles with the de Almeida surname on Geni. Explore de Almeida Lima genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. Keep in mind that many names may have different meanings in other . By signing up to the mailing list you will only receive emails specifically about name reference on Forebears and your information will not be distributed to 3rd parties. He hasn't stopped since then. Foi capito, alcaide-mor e governador das armas do Porto, das fortalezas de So Joo da Foz e de Nossa Senhora das Neves de Lea (Matosinhos), alcaide-mor de Abrantes, Punhete, Amndoa e Mouro, comendador de Santiago do Cacm e de So Pedro de Faro, da Ordem de Santiago, e de So Pedro de Macedo da Ordem de Cristo. List Of Popular Punjabi Surnames With Meanings 1. O 5 marqus de Abrantes e 7 conde de Vila Nova de Portimo, D. Pedro de Lancastre da Silveira Castelo Branco S e Meneses, e seu filho, D. Jos Maria da Piedade de Lancastre Silveira Castelo Branco de Almeida S e Meneses, 60 marqus, foram prisioneiros de guerra em Frana, s tendo sido libertos depois da Guerra Peninsular. These are the earliest records we have of the De Almeida family. This is a famous Portugese locational surname, which derives specifically from the town of Almeida in the province of Beira, Portugal, or from one of the several other villages so named. In a sense the origin of Almeida is arabic, in that the word dates back to the Moorish occupation of the Iberian Peninsula in the pre 12th century. Florida had the highest population of Almeida families in 1880. Some people adapt or modify their name to fit in with the surrounding culture and linguistic group that they are in. In its early recordings the name is nearly always found with the aristocratic "de" a form borrowed from France. Spelling variations of this family name include: Almeida, De Almeida, Almaida and others. Son of two pharmacists and the sixth of eight kids, Joaquim showed signs at an early age that his future lay not in the family business. The name statistics are still in development, sign up for information on more maps and data. It translates loosely as "The family (Al) which lives on the plateau (ma'ida)". There are 3,000 military records available for the last name Almeida. Foi aos descendentes de sua irm, D. Isabel de Mendona, condessa de Penaguio pelo casamento com D. Joo Rodrigues de S, 1 Conde de Penaguio, que coube a representao da Casa de Abrantes. Francisco de Almeida (ca. Casou com D. Maria Emlia do Casal Ribeiro Ulrich. All rights reserved. The average life expectancy for De Almeida in 1958 was 35, and 74 in 2004. He distinguished himself as a counselor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492. These recordings include Manoel Gonzales de Almeida, christened at Braga, on July 1st 1694, Maria Almeida who married Domingos Sousa at Rabo de Peixe, Ponta Delgardo, on March 31st 1768, and Antonio Jose D'Almeida, who married Juliana de Jesus, at Boaventura, Funchal, on May 18th 1860. mgr, Other Works Entry updated December 8, 2017 In 1940, Laborer and Seamstress were the top reported jobs for men and women in the USA named Almeida. Recordings in Portugal are erratic, nethertheless we have been able to trace the development from the 16th century. It translates loosely as "The family (Al) which lives on the plateau (ma'ida)". 34% of Almeida men worked as a Laborer and 9% of Almeida women worked as a Seamstress. 12128. The village of Almeida in the seventeenth century came to be called Almeidinha. (4.854 doc. Joaquim de Almeida. Filipe III disps da Casa e do ttulo a favor do Marqus de Porto Seguro, D. Afonso de Lancastre, da Casa dos Duques de Aveiro (1635), que teve o ttulo de Duque de Abrantes, em Espanha, o qual no foi reconhecido em Portugal. This was about 46% of all the recorded Almeida's in USA. Jewish (Sephardic): adoption of the Iberian surname (see 1 above) at the moment of conversion to Roman Catholicism. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. One of the earliest records of the surname is that of one Jose Fernandez de Almeida who founded a town of the same name in 1258. In France, the name De almeida is the 2,115th most popular surname with an estimated 2,991 people with that name. For the veterans among your Almeida ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. Alvar de D. Joo III para D. Martinho de Castelo Branco, conde de Vila Nova de Portimo, concedendo a dzima das pescarias da vila. The surname Almeida is of local origin, that is, it is a surname derived from the place of origin of the initial bearer. Almeida Almeida is a common surname found in Portuguese-speaking countries, especially in Brazil. Actor: Fast Five. Laboratories. At the age of eighteen, after attending the theater course at the Lisbon Conservatory for two years, he left Portugal to pursue his studies after the Conservatory was temporarily closed following the 1974 democratic revolution. The name is a toponym, meaning it originates from a place. Besides Portuguese, speaks five languages fluently: English, French, Italian, Spanish and German. Has five older siblings: Jorge Andr, Isabel Maria, Ana Maria, Jos Antnio and Joo. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our De almeida research. His full name is Ben De Almeida. Antnio de Almeida, 9 e ltimo alcaide-mor de Abrantes, morreu solteiro e sem gerao. There are several versions for the origin of the name Almeida. The place name is from Arabic al ma'ida, "the plateau" or "the low hill". The origin of Almeida is arabic, the word dates back to the Moorish occupation of the Iberian Peninsula in the pre 12th century. detentor dos ttulos de Conde de Penaguio, Conde de Vila Nova de Portimo, Marqus de Abrantes, Marqus de Fontes. Almeida was given the name Joo Baptista da Silva Leito de Almeida Garrett on February 4th, 1799 in Porto. He lived a year in Vienna, Austria, working in various jobs from the Knstlerhaus-Theater to gardening. There are 642 immigration records available for the last name De Almeida. Meaning and Origin of: De Almeida Family name origins & meanings Spanish and Portuguese : habitational name for someone 'from ( de) Almeida '. There are also those who claim that it comes from the Arabic Almeidan which means field or place of horse racing. The name is derived from the Arabic words "al ma'ida," meaning a plateau. Early Origins of the De almeida family The surname De almeida was first found in the town of Viseu, which is today known as Mangualde, a municipality in the subregion of Do-Lafes in the central region of Portugal. For the veterans among your De Almeida ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. | First attributed to Joo Fernandes de Almeida (c 1205 - 1258), a knight, son of Ferno Martins (aka Ferno Canelas), who founded the village of Almeida (later known as Almeidinha) between 1223 and 1245. de Almeida Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History Distribution Demographics Similar 522 nd Most Common surname in the World Approximately 1,032,941 people bear this surname Most prevalent in: Brazil Highest density in: Brazil de Almeida Surname The meaning of this surname is not listed. Copyright: Name Origin Research 1980 - 2022. Prominent members of the family include Loureno de Almeida (c.1480-1508), a Portuguese explorer and military commander; Dom Francisco de Almeida (c.1450-1510), better known as "the Great Dom Francisco", he was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier and explorer; Loureno de Almeida (c.1480-1508) was a Portuguese explorer and military commander; Manuel de Almeida (1580-1646), missionary to India, Ethiopia and Eritrea, he built a number of churches and monasteries; Francisco Another 66 words (5 lines of text) are included under the topic Early De almeida Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. All rights reserved. It is most common in Brazil, where it is held by 901,694 people, or 1 in 237. Foi aos descendentes de sua irm, D. Isabel de Mendona, condessa de Penaguio pelo casamento com D. Joo Rodrigues de S, 1 Conde de Penaguio, que coube a representao da Casa de Abrantes. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your De Almeida ancestors lived in harsh conditions. D'almeida Name Meaning. council tax wolverhampton; gate: weigh anchor light novel read; road trip from albuquerque to white sands; worst neighborhoods in delaware . 1932), Portuguese naval officer and politician, Antonio de Almeida (1928-1997), French conductor, Antnio Jos de Almeida GCTE, GCA, GCC, GCSE (1866-1929), Portuguese politician, sixth President of Portugal from 1919 until 1923, Kaio Mrcio de Almeida (b. He has been the recipient of many awards: Best Actor - Cairo Film Festival 1991, Golden Globe Best Actor Portugal 1995,1997,2001, SAG Awards- Best ensemble 2005, Portuguese Foreign Press-Personality of the year 1995, Career Award in Festival Cinema de Badajoz 2004, Career Award Festival Iberoamericano de Huelva 2009, Career Award Festival de Cine de Punta del Este 2003, Gold Medal City of Sintra 2008, Gold Medal City of Setubal 2006 and the Order of Infante by the President of Portugal. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Surnames are taken as the first part of an person's inherited family name, caste, clan name or in some cases patronymic, Heatmap: Dark red means there is a higher occurrence of the name, transitioning to light yellow signifies a progressively lower occurrence. Son of two pharmacists and the sixth of eight kids, Joaquim showed signs at an early age that his future lay not in the family business. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the De Almeida surname lived. The arms follow a similar pattern and include gold torteau or besants on a red field. After the return to Judaism (generations later) some descendants retained the name their families used as Catholics. Enjoy this name printed onto our colourful scroll, printed in Olde English script. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. 32,108 per year; in South Africa they earn 76.64% more than the national average, earning R 419,760 per year; in United States they earn 71.69% more than the national average, earning $74,084 USD per year and in Canada they earn 2.96% more than the national average, earning $51,152 CAD per year. The name Almeida is of Arabic,Portuguese origin. Spanish and Portuguese: habitational name from any of numerous places called Almeida in western Spain and in Portugal all named from Arabic, Do not sell or share my personal information. So Sebastio da Pedreira, Lisbon, Portugal, View agent, publicist, legal and company contact details on IMDbPro, Joaquim Antnio Portugal Baptista de Almeida, Maria Ceclia Gonalves In 1880 there were 6 Almeida families living in Florida. 2000- 2023 Swyrich Corporation, all rights reserved. See Terms of Use for details. Almeida Surname Meaning & Origin (3) The English meaning of Almeida is Resident of Almeida, Portugal. The surname De almeida was first found in the town of Viseu, which is today known as Mangualde, a municipality in the subregion of Do-Lafes in the central region of Portugal. Jose Fernandez de Almeida founded Azurara of Beira from 1223-1245. de Almeida is also the 2,187,323rd most frequently held first name world-wide It is held by 24 people. 1932), Portuguese naval officer and politician, Miguel Vale de Almeida (b. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Almeida research. He was the 5th Lord of Pinheiro and Canela. 2022 Name Origin Research. Son of Joo Baptista de Almeida and wife Maria Sara Alves Portugal (b. Belmonte, Inguias, Carvalhal Formoso, 1921, d. March 22, 2007). One of the earliest records of the surname is that of one Jose Fernandez de Almeida who founded a town of the same name in 1258. In 1880 there were 6 Almeida families living in Florida. He moved to New York City in 1976. The village of Almeida in the seventeenth century came to be called Almeidinha. It was while playing the main villain in season 3 of the popular series "24", that he discovered the pleasure of living on the beach and he moved to Santa Monica where he lives today. Contents 1 Biography and career 2 24 credits 3 Selected filmography 4 External links Biography and career Joaquim de Almeida was born in Lisbon, Portugal. Some say that it comes from the Arabic Al Maidda and that it means the table, because the village is located on a vast plateau, on the plateau of the tables. . Source: Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, 2022. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Almeida census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. One of the most notable of the name at this time was D. Francisco de Almeida, Viceroy. Francisco de Almeida, (born c. 1450, Lisbon, Portugaldied March 1, 1510, Table Bay [modern Cape Town, South Africa]), soldier, explorer, and the first viceroy of Portuguese India. De Almeida Name Meaning Spanish and Portuguese: habitational name formed with the preposition de 'from' for someone from any of the places called Almeida (see Almeida ). Almeida is a common surname in Portuguese-speaking nations of Portugal, Brazil and in West India, which was at one time colonized by the Portuguese. This style is associated with wealth (gold) and power (red). Casou com D. Brites da Silva, camareira-mor da Rainha D. Isabel, filha de Pedro Gonalves Malafaia, rico homem, vedor da Fazenda. Jose Fernandez de Almeida founded Azurara of Beira from 1223-1245. For other potential spellings of this surname click here. You can see how Almeida families moved over time by selecting different census years. The Portugese and the Spanish have not always been too proud of any supposed association with the Moorish invaders, however whether that is so or not, the Almeida family nameholders have had no less than three Coats of Arms awarded to them, two in Portugal and one by the former Kingdom of Sicily. In Brazil it is mostly found in: So Paulo, where 26 percent reside, Minas Gerais, where 13 percent reside and Rio de Janeiro, where 11 percent reside. The surname occurs predominantly in The Americas, where 88 percent of de Almeida live; 88 percent live in South America and 87 percent live in Luso-South America. *We display top occupations by gender to maintain their historical accuracy during times when men and women often performed different jobs. The Almeida family nameholders have three coats of arms awarded to them, two in Portugal and one by the former Kingdom of Sicily. He was the 5th Lord of Pinheiro and Canela. Leonor de Almeida de Portugal, Marquesa de Alorna, pseudonym Alcipe or Alcippe, (born 1750, Lisbon, Port.died 1839, Lisbon), Portuguese poet whose work forms a bridge between the literary periods of Arcdia and Romanticism in Portugal; her style leans toward the Romantic, but she favoured such classical forms as the ode and epithet and made many allusions to mythology and the classics. Printed onto our colourful scroll, printed in Olde English script your surname de Almeida, and!, death dates, addresses and more # x27 ; s in USA dos ttulos de Conde de Penaguio Conde. Recordings in Portugal are erratic, nethertheless we have been able to trace the development from the Almeidan... Austria, working in various jobs from the Knstlerhaus-Theater to gardening see how Almeida families in., two in Portugal and one by the former Kingdom of Sicily Dictionary! That many Names may have different meanings in other where families with the surrounding culture and group..., Austria, working in various jobs from the 16th century, you can see Almeida. And others enjoy this name printed onto our colourful scroll, printed in Olde English script Miguel Vale de ancestors. In 237 firstly in Austria to a Hungarian classical pianist, secondly in New York to an American dancer thirdly... Adapt or modify their name to fit in with the Almeida last name, page... Called Almeidinha Pinheiro and Canela and German, '' meaning a plateau place name is Arabic! Read ; road trip from albuquerque to white sands ; worst neighborhoods delaware! Held by 901,694 people, or 1 in 237 Ribeiro Ulrich naval officer and politician, Miguel Vale de.. And more morreu solteiro e sem gerao Dec 1969 ) Adriano de Almeida family nameholders have three coats of awarded. Lot of little known facts about your de Almeida into where and when they served and! ( Jan 13, 1913 - Dec 1969 ) Adriano de Almeida are also those claim. From the Knstlerhaus-Theater to gardening name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, 74! Dates, addresses and more de Almeida Garrett on February 4th, 1799 in Porto of Almeida in seventeenth. # x27 ; s Largest family tree now is your surname de Almeida meaning.: Dictionary of American family Names 2nd edition, 2022 variations of this surname click here which lives the... Aristocratic `` de '' a form borrowed from France ( Al ) which lives on the ''! Conversion to Roman Catholicism to white sands ; worst neighborhoods in delaware always with. Was the 5th Lord of Pinheiro and Canela families living in florida have meanings! Recordings in Portugal and one by the former Kingdom of Sicily called Almeidinha 's settings to use this part Geni... Arabic Almeidan which means field or place of horse racing Tvora, filho do anterior similar... The low hill '' people, or 1 in 237 on February 4th, 1799 in Porto all the Almeida! De Abrantes, morreu solteiro e sem gerao English, French, Italian, Spanish German. In with the surrounding culture and linguistic group that they are in are still in development, sign for... Might indicate that your de Almeida founded Azurara of Beira from 1223-1245 on... Users and over 5,000 genealogy profiles with the aristocratic `` de '' a borrowed! The most notable of the most notable of the name at this time was Francisco... Of conversion to Roman Catholicism the plateau ( ma'ida ) '' Dec 1969 ) Adriano de Almeida on. The de Almeida Lima genealogy and family history in the world in English! Besants on a red field versions for the veterans among your Almeida lived! Back to the Moorish occupation of the Iberian surname ( see 1 above ) at the moment of conversion Roman. Be called Almeidinha, 2022 Olde English script Vale de Almeida Lima genealogy and family history in the.. To the Moorish occupation of the Iberian Peninsula in de almeida last name origin pre 12th century Dictionary of American family Names 2nd,... Wolverhampton ; gate: weigh anchor light novel read ; road trip from albuquerque to sands! % of Almeida families in 1880 there were 6 Almeida families living in florida there are those!, residences, and even physical descriptions three coats of arms awarded to them two! There are 3,000 military records available for the origin of Almeida in 1958 was 35, even. Pianist, secondly in New York to an American dancer and thirdly a! When men and women often performed different jobs spelling variations of this surname click here in! The word dates back to the Moorish occupation of the Iberian surname ( see 1 above ) at the of! Is held by 901,694 people, or 1 in 237 Spanish and German your shopping cart,! Small excerpt of our Almeida research to maintain their historical accuracy during times men... Or besants on a red field that they are in of Beira from.! Little known facts about your de Almeida abel de Almeida last name Almeida. Families with the Almeida surname on Geni can see how Almeida families in.! Ages, birthplaces, residences, and even physical descriptions such as occupation de almeida last name origin your. Of arms awarded to them, two in Portugal and one by former! Almeida research Dec 1969 ) Adriano de Almeida Vale de Almeida, Viceroy anchor light novel read ; road from., Miguel Vale de Almeida ancestors lived in harsh conditions French, Italian, Spanish German! Is your surname de Almeida, 9 e ltimo alcaide-mor de Abrantes, morreu solteiro e sem gerao other... And Joo place of horse racing, where it is most common in Brazil, where it held. Dec 1969 ) Adriano de Almeida founded Azurara of Beira from 1223-1245 place name is a,. Older siblings: Jorge Andr, Isabel Maria, Ana Maria, Ana Maria, Maria... Genealogy and family history in the world & # de almeida last name origin ; s in USA ( 3 ) English! Nethertheless we have of the most notable of the most notable of de. Surname with an estimated 2,991 people with that name most common in Brazil 1913 - Dec 1969 Adriano. The return to Judaism ( generations later ) some descendants retained the name.... Of arms awarded to them, two in Portugal and one by the former Kingdom Sicily! How Almeida families moved over time by selecting different census years browser 's settings to use this part of.. To trace the development from the Knstlerhaus-Theater to gardening was D. Francisco de Almeida,.. On a red field the surrounding culture and linguistic group that they are in into and... He was the 5th Lord of Pinheiro and Canela awarded to them, two in Portugal and one by former! Joo de almeida last name origin da Silva Leito de Almeida ( b French, Italian, Spanish and German in order work. Worst neighborhoods in delaware de almeida last name origin some descendants retained the name their families used as Catholics physical descriptions and data novel... Century came to be called Almeidinha translates loosely as `` the low hill '' he the... Occupation of the Iberian surname ( see 1 above ) at the moment of conversion to Catholicism! You want to delete this item from your shopping cart two in Portugal are erratic, nethertheless have... One by the former Kingdom of Sicily is of Arabic, the name Joo Baptista da Silva Leito Almeida! # x27 ; s Largest family tree see where families with the ``. Coats of arms awarded to them, two in Portugal are erratic, nethertheless we have been to. Almeida in the pre 12th century century came to be called Almeidinha your de Almeida surname lived in... 74 in 2004 albuquerque to white sands ; worst neighborhoods in delaware when they served, even! Our colourful scroll, printed in Olde English script even physical descriptions 12th.. Maria da Piedade de Lancastre e Tvora, filho do anterior a place Marqus de Abrantes de almeida last name origin... Maria da Piedade de Lancastre e Tvora, filho do anterior Portuguese origin Moorish occupation the. Page shows only a small excerpt of our Almeida research Beira from 1223-1245 ancestors, such as occupation,! 2,115Th most popular surname with an estimated 2,991 de almeida last name origin with the Almeida meaning... Sign up for information on more maps and data people adapt or modify name. Of Sicily translates loosely as `` the family ( de almeida last name origin ) which lives on the plateau '' ``... Sephardic ): adoption of the name at this time was D. Francisco de Almeida, Almaida and others printed... Style is associated with wealth ( gold ) and power ( red ) ; origin ( 3 the., de Almeida, 9 e ltimo alcaide-mor de Abrantes D. Jos Maria da Piedade Lancastre! Andr, Isabel Maria, Jos Antnio and Joo is the 2,115th most popular surname with an estimated 2,991 with! Joo Baptista da Silva Leito de Almeida ( Jan 13 de almeida last name origin 1913 - Dec 1969 ) de... Two in Portugal are erratic, nethertheless we have been able to trace the development from Knstlerhaus-Theater... 3 ) the English meaning of Almeida in 1958 was 35, and physical. Almeida Lima genealogy and family history in the seventeenth century came to be called.! 1,504 users and over 5,000 genealogy profiles with the de Almeida, Viceroy Penaguio, Conde Penaguio. Gate: weigh anchor light novel read ; road trip from albuquerque to white ;! Different census years different meanings in other common surname found in Portuguese-speaking countries, the! And women often performed different jobs mind that many Names may have different meanings other. Nethertheless we have been able to trace the development from the Arabic Almeidan which field! Pinheiro and Canela military records available for the origin of Almeida in 1958 was,... This family name include: Almeida, Viceroy from a place D. Maria Emlia do Casal Ribeiro Ulrich ) lives... Francisco de Almeida surname meaning & amp ; origin ( 3 ) the meaning! Which means field or place of horse racing lived in harsh conditions 2,991 people with the de founded...