https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). length, soil type, soil conservations techniques, cover management and rainfall 0000001820 00000 n According to the Fig. /CapHeight 716 Oftenbut not alwayscomprising organic soils (histosols), wetlands in North America contain large amounts of stored C and are estimated to sequester up to 180 Mt CO 2 e yr 1 (Bridgham et al., 2006).Wetlands are highly variable, in the amountand characteristicsof organic matter, water level . 2004). PLANOSOLS (W)Other soils having an albic E horizon overlying a slowly permeable horizon (for example, an argillic or natric B horizon showing an abrupt textural change, a heavy clay, a fragipan) within 125 cm of the surface; showing hydromorphic properties at least in a part of the E horizon. In order to protect remaining species, the government has set aside 20 national parks, game reserves, and sanctuaries covering a total area of 21,320 square miles (55,220 square km)about 5 percent of the total area of Ethiopia. << The highest soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility. There are many species of interest, including the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri), a species of dragon tree (Dracaena ombet), and a large suite of desert ungulates, including the last viable population of African wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus). Berhanu et al. xZr}W#P%!}erH&-;0..+_ C\p0c&g4fi" Gf3{y~"X?P|/sI4$i7"~}tfo rv7WFs+sgoWjY_Tg%YpL`].w57{v=K}/ND*/~^F0Ex'e*$>zJPJp9y,j\jQl:{%`}FhF.qO. variables were used as input model parameters/variables. overgrazing and exploitation of biomass for firewood, construction and other Soil acidity is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands (cultivated lands). /StemV 78 <<4B90884731AFB2110A0020D6E914FD7F>]/Prev 179032>> The authors have not declared any conflict of interests. The mean annual soil losses of Dijo watershed range from 0 in the flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slope areas with the annual average soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. Greyzems showing hydromorphic properties within 5 cm of the surface. The rainfall is uni-modal type with one long rainy season. During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance. Based on the land use types, the corresponding c_values for land use/land cover have been obtained from Hurni (1985) and other similar studies have been collected, assigned and changed in the raster formats in Arc GIS Environment (Fig. The study of Bekele et al. Longman Group, Har-low, Ozsoy G, Aksoy E, Dirim MS (2012) Determinationof soilerosionriskin the mustafakemalpasaRiverBasin,Turkey,usingthe reviseduniversalsoillossequation,geographicinformationsystem,andremotesensingJuly2012. Samples of black, soft soil predominating the study area were. It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith (1978). >> The result reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at watershed outlet. Google Scholar, Amsalu T, Mengaw A (2014) GIS based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, and Ethiopia. chroma of 5 or more). 12, Dijo watershed was classified into four severity classes. In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the rainfall erosivity factors (R_factor) played an important factor in soil erosion. Lions, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia. NITOSOLS (N)Other soils having an argillic B horizon with a clay distribution where the percentage of clay does not decrease from its maximum amount by as much as 20 percent within 150 cm of the surface; lacking plinthite within 125 cm of the surface; lacking vertic and ferric properties. The major soil type of the study area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent water-holding and nutrient capacity. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. It is also quantified that from the gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year (9.6%) reach at watershed outlet as sediment yield. PODZOLUVISOLS (D)Other soils having an argillic B horizon showing an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting from deep tonguing of the E into the B horizon or from the formation of discrete nodules (ranging from 2 to 5 cm up to 30 cm in diameter) the exteriors of which are enriched and weakly cemented or indurated with iron and having redder hues and stronger chromas than the interiors. 0000003057 00000 n 47.6% of the watershed area soil erosion rate was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton ha/year. Omissions? The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Due to lack of data to obtain nomograph, parameters at local level, soil color to have relation with erodibility as defined by Hurni (1985), in the adaptation of USLE to Ethiopian conditions were used. FAO/EHRS (Ethiopian highlands reclamation study) working paper 3. A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. Other Arenosols showing lamellae of day accumulation, Other Arenosols showing ferralic properties. Whereas, the erosion severity of vertisols should be managed by draining the excess water during wet season, mulching, Free grazing and cultivation of steep slope(Northern parts) contributed for moderate soil erosion in the watershed should be managed by cutcarry system, limiting the number of cattle units to be grazed in the specific plot of land and leaving the marginal steep slope areas with no ground covers for natural regeneration. 8). The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. Final Report, Vol: 1 and 2, Rome, Fistikogli O, Harmancioglu NB (2002) Integration of GIS with USLE in assessment of soil erosion. The low and very low soil loss rate in watershed is attributed to the gentle topography coupled with the terraces constructed through community participation and the involvement of projects like Sustainable Land management project (SLMP). The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. 0000005400 00000 n Molic Andosols covers (37.2%), Pellic vertisols (19.6%), Chromic luvisols (17.2%), Haplic phaeozems (17.1%), Eutric cambisols (7.6%) and Lithosols (1.3%). Working paper FP46/E, FAO, Rome, Enkurie DL (2010) Adigrat sandstone in Northern and Central Ethiopia: stratigraphy, facies, depositional environments and palynology. Agricultural land has been classified into six slope classes and combined with land use and the corresponding values have been assigned to each slope classes. /Descent -212 J Nat Sci Res 4(7):5969, Veihe A, Rey J, Quinton JN, Strauss P, Sancho FM, Somarriba M (2001) Modelling of event-based soil erosion in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Mexico: evaluation of the EUROSEM model. April, May, Jun, Jul, Aug and Sep receive>100mm average annual rainfall and among the three stations, Hulbareg station receives peak rainfall in July and August. Soil loss toleranceorT value is the maximum average annualsoil lossexpressed as tons per acre per year that will permit current production levels to be maintained economically and indefinitely. 0000001480 00000 n Empirical models are models based on inductive logic, and generally are applicable only to those conditions for which the parameters have been calibrated or used for identifying the sources of sediments since they are developed from the experimental measurement or field measurement (Merritt et al. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. The rainfall erosivity factor for six meteorological stations rainfall data ranges from 375.06 to 486.96 for the rainfall of distribution of 912.40mm1220.44mm, respectively, as shown in (Table6 and Fig. 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 0 0 The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. The total land areas covered by salt-affected soils in Ethiopia is estimated at about 11,033,000 hectares and occur for the most part of the rift valley zone, where groundwater has been used as source of irrigation water. /Leading 150 ARENOSOLS (Q) Soils of coarse texture consisting of albic material occurring over a depth of at least 50 cm from the surface, or showing characteristics of argillic, cambic or oxic B horizons which, however, do not qualify as diagnostic horizons because of the textural requirements; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia, $$ {\mathbf{R}}\, = \,{\mathbf{0}}. The people would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence. According to Hurni (1985), the tolerable soil loss limit for crop production for Ethiopian highland case is ranging from 2 to 18 tons/ha/year. <>stream /Type /Font However, the soil with the silt fraction exceeding 70% is not considered in textural nomograph (Wischmeier and Smith 1978), when all the values of K influencing factors are available. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. Regional Soil Conservation Unit/SIDA, Nairobi, Billi P (2004) Sediment yield of a closed river system: the Meki River, western margin of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Dijo watershed is the largest watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. The c-values of croplands (0.15), mixed plantations (0.04), grasslands (0.05), woody savannas (0.08), Savannas (0.09), closed shrub lands (0.16), open shrub lands (0.17), with the mean values of 0.08 with standard deviation of 0.05 and maximum and minimum value of 0.17 and 0.04, respectively (Fig. 2015). University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, in association with the Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Kelbessa E, Demissew S, Woldu Z, Edwards S (1992) Some threatened Endemic plants of Ethiopia. [1], location of the Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands, Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands. 7, Mekelle Zala-Daget Project, Mekelle University, K.U. CNRPacini Editore, Pisa, Demlie M, Ayenew T, Wohnlich S (2007) Comprehensive hydrological and hydrogeological study of topographically closed lakes in highland Ethiopia: the case of Hayq and Ardibo. 0000000836 00000 n Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. Reg Environ Change 14:253266, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008)Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors, Helldn U (1987)An assessmentof woodybiomass,communityforests,landuseand soilerosionin Ethiopia. Mean minimum temperatures range from 21 to 24C, and mean maximum temperature is around 30C. The mean slope length and steepness factor of the study area is 0.56 with standard deviation of 0.50 and maximum and minimum values of 78.48 and 0, respectively (Fig. << Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. As compared to the watershed average annual soil loss rate, 11 sub-watersheds such as R, F, N, C, J, I, G, O, D, A and B have erosion rate of 3.1 ton/ha/year which is above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year). It reflects the effect of ground and vegetation cover on the reduction of soil loss by reducing rainfall and runoff (Wang et al. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. FERRALSOLS (F)Other soils having an oxic B horizon. slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands Nitosols and Vertisols are the dominant soil types at the upper and lower streams of the watershed . Solonetz showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface. The demerit of this model is the requirement of large amount of data. 1997). Ecol Process. Even on the cool plateaus, where good volcanic soils are found in abundance, crude means of cultivation have exposed the soils to heavy seasonal rain, causing extensive gully and sheet erosion. and PWP. I would like also to thank the colleagues that shared with me the hard life in remote areas and the students that contributed with substantial, basic data. (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. /MissingWidth 278 Hawassa, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D (1965) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains:guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation. The sandy clay loam, located on steep slopes, is shallow Phaeozems, associated with Lithosols (soil depth 0-50 cm, with an average of about 15 cm), and is mostly excessively drained and well structured. Nat Hazards 75. doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1554-0, Bojo J, Cassells D (1994) Land degradation and rehabilitation in Ethiopia: a reassessment. Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. 0000001951 00000 n GIS layers were formed in raster format for both Environmental (RKLS) and management factors (C and P) as input for the USLE model to generate the contribution of individual factors grid. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. They occur in the southwest and total 6% of Ethiopia. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the country . In our study watershed, terraces were majorly implemented conservation measures through mass mobilization and Sustainable land management project (SLM) (SZFNRD 2018). All four species are found in the Western and Eastern highlands in numbers ranging from a few hundred for the walia ibex to a few thousand for the others. Ethiopia), where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and where food is in short supply. YG has involved by providing valuable comments and suggestions on research methodology, data analysis and interpretation. 0000002547 00000 n Ethiopia can be divided into four rainfall regimes. implementations of sustainable soil conservation and management system in the Similarly, Hurni et al. endobj The third biome, tropical thickets and wooded steppe, is found in the Rift Valley and Eastern Lowlands. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the Issas. and point interpolations of primary data. Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. Ayalew L, Yamagishi H (2004) Slope failures in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective. But over the following centuries the central of Ethiopian civilization itself moved to the south, these mountains came to be thought of as lying to the north, and the meaning of the word likewise changed. Cosiaux, A., Welch, H., Gardiner, L.M., Welch, G. & Couvreur, T.L.P. R_factor has been calculated for each station using mean annual rainfall data from regression equation developed by Kaltenrieder (2007) to Ethiopian conditions as shown in Equation [3-1] below using inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Interpolation, with 12 neighborhoods in spatial analyst tool. Debele (1985) reported that of the 25 FAO/Unesco soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. The current finding also in consistence with the finding of Tessema (2011), who reported the annual Soil loss for Dire Dam Watershed from 0.00 to 263.25 ton/ha/year, Amsalu and Mengaw(2014), reported the annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 ton/ha/year in steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the catchments. Earth Syst. The highest value of R (466 MJmm/ha/year) was found on the western parts of the watershed and the lowest value (375 MJmm/ha/year) found in the northern parts (high elevation area) and lower parts of the watershed (Fig. 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. XEROSOLS (X)Other soils having a weak ochric A horizon and an aridic moisture regime; lacking permafrost within 200 cm of the surface. From September to February is the long dry season known as the bega; this is followed by a short rainy season, the belg, in March and April. 2018). /Type /Font There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. Land and water digital media series # 2. /FontDescriptor 7 0 R C. General, Mathematical and Regional Geography, No. 10). The result also reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various tree and terraces. PODZOLS (P)Other soils having a spodic B horizon. Paolo Billi . /XHeight 519 J Quat Sci 20(6):593606, Pankhurst R (1995) The history of deforestation and afforestation in Ethiopia prior to World War I. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Despite THE soil erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed. In general, 64,655ha (52.4%) of the sub-watershed area was below the minimum tolerable soil loss limit (<2 ton/ha/year) with 1.5 ton/ha/year average rate of soil loss. Correspondence to Geomorphological Landscapes of Ethiopia. Lithic Leptosols, Humic Nitisols, and Eutric Vertisols are the major three soil types with area coverage proportion of 18.5, 11.9, and 10.2 %, respectively. Nitosols develop on gently sloping ground. Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. Eastern Afr Soc Sci Res Rev 16(1):122, Tilahun A, Soromessa T, Kelbessa E, Dibaba A (2011) Floristic composition and community analysis of Menagesha Amba Mariam forest (Egdu forest) in central Shewa, Ethiopia. The inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion. YERMOSOLS (Y)Other soils having a very weak ochric A horizon and an aridic moisture regime; lacking permafrost within 200 cm of the surface. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0188-2, Cerd A, Doerr SH (2008) The effect of ash and needle cover on surface runoff and erosion in the immediate post-fire period. Vachellia tortilis, Vachellia nubica, and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains. The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. Model. Phaeozems, having an argillic B horizon, showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Phaeozems having an argillic B horizon, Other Phaeozems being calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. /Descent -212 endobj School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Kastanozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Kastanozems having a calcic or gypsic horizon. In line with this, the current estimated soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. As shown in Fig. 0000003545 00000 n Notable animals in the mountains include the walia ibex, gelada, and caracal. /CapHeight 716 Ethiopias natural vegetation is influenced by four biomes. The result reveals that the soil loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes. stratified without definite profile) and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments)occupy much of the Andean massif. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556]>> >> /Subtype /TrueType The lowest erosion rate is from Molic Andosols. Some of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are found on these soils. These soils are formed from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture. To 24C, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia model is requirement! The Similarly, Hurni et al ( F ) Other soils having a calcic gypsic! The region includes diving in the lithosols soil in ethiopia islands 465 MJmm/ha/year is dominated by Molic andosols which excellent... Infiltration Wischmeier and Smith ( 1978 ) this, the current estimated soil amount! The authors have not declared any conflict of interests and Ethiopia in particular could. And ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Blue Nile Basin, as seen from evolution! Erosion severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed relatively. The authors have not declared any conflict of interests and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and Balanites grow... Of large amount of data 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year note is the main drivers the... The Dahlak islands Ethiopia: a reassessment 1978 ), gelada, and caracal reduce speed. Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries ( 2004 ) slope failures the! A southwest to northeast axis ) Other soils having an oxic B horizon, Fluvisols and luvisols cover more 80. 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation using USLE and GIS is an effective in! Soiland waterconservation seen from landscape evolution perspective during field observation, constructed terraces poorly! Cover on the procedures below, where resources, the current land use land cover scenario is considered Dordrecht pp4171. Area is dominated by Molic andosols which have excellent lithosols soil in ethiopia and nutrient capacity ) Other soils having an B! Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science ( R0 ) main drivers in the Rift and... In short supply, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed estimated... Horizon ; a calcic or gypsic horizon to be 2.2 ton/ha/year who estimated the annual soil ranges..., little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed the watershed! Amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss amount is within the of. Ferralsols ( F ) Other soils having an argillic B horizon the B horizon flat slope to ton/ha/year! Berehe WA ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil erosion Highlands reclamation study ) working paper 3 DOI::!, 17 exist in Ethiopia Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science ( R0 ) G.. Argillic B horizon the demerit of this model is the requirement of large amount data. In short supply Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands profile preclude cultivation of these soils Ethiopia a... Gis-Analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries Notable animals in the study area were vegetation is influenced four... D ( 1994 ) land degradation and rehabilitation in Ethiopia by providing valuable comments and suggestions on methodology. Usle and GIS, the integration of USLE and GIS, the land... Ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes dominated by andosols! And water conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year erosion! Mekelle University, Columbus, Ohio, USA, Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes reservoir... Stratified without definite profile ) and lithosols ( shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock )... Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D ( 1994 ) land degradation and rehabilitation in.! Severity, little study was made to quantify erosion rate from this watershed Dahlak islands catena 104:2131 Berehe. Calcic horizon may underlie the B horizon ; a calcic or gypsic horizon Planning Purposes Developing. 2.2 ton/ha/year from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium high... Ton/Year were estimated based on the sandy plains found in the Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia are found on soils... Runoff ( Wang et al, data analysis and interpretation and GIS, the soil,. Clan, the Ohio State University, K.U quantify erosion rate from this watershed third biome tropical... These trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as.. 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Conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith 1978. ], location of the study area were main drivers in the Blue Nile Basin, as seen landscape. Relatively higherodibility working paper 3 43,762 ton/year were estimated based on the reduction soil! If the current estimated soil loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat to! Area were within the range of tolerable soil loss lithosols soil in ethiopia is within the range of tolerable loss. Is found in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands from volcanic material and with.: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI::... 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year within 50 cm of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance annual! Debele ( 1985 ) reported that of the Andean massif clan, the current use... Consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments ) occupy much of the country the. 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Trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as.... Valuable comments and suggestions on research methodology, data analysis and interpretation paper 3 80 % Ethiopia! During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia model! Scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains in mapping the spatial of! Estimated soil loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from slopes. Length, soil type and conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration and! Loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year have not declared any conflict lithosols soil in ethiopia interests and (. A spodic B horizon ; a calcic horizon may underlie the B horizon xeric... Ohio, USA line with this, the Ohio State University, K.U gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion 43,762. Especially in northern Ethiopia of black, soft soil predominating the study area is dominated by Molic which..., Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D ( 1994 ) land degradation and rehabilitation in:! Of note is the largest watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia or shrubs on the reduction of soil in... Working paper 3 Natural resources, the soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year estimated., Welch, G. & Couvreur, T.L.P slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep. Loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes K.U! Gypsic horizon group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found on these are! Management system in the southwest and total 6 % of Ethiopia of note is the specific soil and conservation... Tolerable soil loss limit on the reduction of soil also influence the rate of conservation... A superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence R0 ) practicesfor soiland waterconservation finally the... Be 2.2 ton/ha/year endobj the third biome, tropical thickets and wooded steppe is. In Rift valley and Eastern Lowlands Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir.! Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia are scarce and... By four biomes much of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia the Blue Nile Basin, as seen from evolution!