Who is "King Agrippa" (Acts 25:13)? It comes packed with resources that assist him to accomplish his tasks quickly, in depth, and more effectively. Rightly dividing the immutable Word of God, precept must be upon precept, line upon line, here a little, and there a little (Isaiah 28:10). And Festus is more than willing for Agrippa to give him some advice, because he's about to send Paul to Rome, and there is no case! This article is provided as a ministry of. I know that you believe the prophets." But then Felix seduced her and convinced her to leave her husband and marry him. order to urge Berenice to do to Titus what Judith had done to Holophernes. Before we read the passage together, let's look to God in prayer. BAS Library Members: Read Lawrence Mykytiuks article New Testament Political Figures Confirmed in the September/October 2017 issue of BAR. In her chapter on Julia We love You. Every pastor is a teacher. was used interchangeably with the position - "Caesar" Schwartz, D. R. : Josephus Source on Agrippa II. King Agrippa and Bernice come to Caesarea, to pay tribute to the new procurator; they are brother and sister, and they had a third sister, Drusilla, who was the wife of Antonius Felix, the former governor. ), was the last king of the Jews.He was the grandson of Herod the Great and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice. Now as he reasoned about righteousness, self-control, and the judgment to come, Felix was afraid and answered, Go away for now: when I have a convenient time I will call for you.. College, Oxford: College Record, Vassal And you've got that scene, and you've got Paul, andwell, you've got to say to yourself, "What courage! She then married her uncle, Herod, king of Chalcis (in Syria), with whom she had two sons. Mireaux, Emile. Regardless, whatever weve done, Jesus offers us forgiveness and a new life. In this article Schwartz explores the sources on Agrippa II used by Josephus, She also had an affair with Vespasian, then his son Titus. Festus had expected the Jews to accuse him of actual crimes. Had Paul presented the Gospel during his trial before Festus? This Bible History Daily feature was originally published on September 25, 2017. with Titus, his patron, and her negative portrayal as emanating from her support And what is it? executed James the son of Zebedee and imprisoned Peter before his miraculous escape. After two years Felix was replaced as the governor, but he kept Paul imprisoned in order to please the Jews. tnx, so in what year did Herod Agrippa died from these worms? And then Berniceyou understandwe're allwell, we've got young folk here, but we're adults here. BeatriceHer name was Bernice according toActs 25:13-22 (English Standard Version)Now when some days had passed, Agrippa the king and Bernice arrived at Caesarea and greeted Festus. immediately preceding Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. In this entertaining paper, Levick discusses and attempt by the foremost modern Late in his career, Herod Agrippa II saw that tensions were rising between Rome and the Jews, and he tried unsuccessfully to prevent war. Lord our God, we thank You from the bottom of our hearts for the Scripture; for the abiding, truthful, infallible, inerrant word of God. Jordan, Ruth. Do you think you can convince me in twenty minutes? ACTS 25:14-19 14 When they had been there many days, Festus laid Paul's case before the king, saying: "There is a certain man left a prisoner by Felix, 15 about whom the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me when I was in Jerusalem, asking for . 19.277, 20.104). Here is your ticket to join us as we discover more and more about the biblical world and its people. Agrippa responded by saying that Paul almost persuaded him to become a Christian. It is the centralityoh, I don't even have time at all to expound this to you tonight, but it's the centrality of the resurrectionthe importance, the fundamental importance of the resurrection. and his sisters Berenice and Drusilla were all involved in the interrogation of the Apostle Paul at Caesarea, yet remained unrepentant. 59 C.E. Its most Archaeology finds the name of Agrippa and Bernice One of the apostle Paul's most eloquent presentations of the Gospel, along with his own personal testimony, occurs when he has an audience before King Agrippa and his sister Bernice. Learn how your comment data is processed. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Festus was agreeable and the audience would occur the next day. La Riene Brnice. He just thinks that he is. He's fascinated by this case, and wishes to hear it. Well, Bernice wasn't far from this. And Paul is saying 'I saw Him. Emperor Titus is the General Titus who comes and sacks Rome and destroys the temple. Nothing more is known of her. 0. 8. That this man is prepared to speak and to declare the whole counsel of God, to unveil his whole life before these men and women, and stand up for Jesus no matter what the cost." John Moors Cabot Professor of History, Harvard University. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Why would King Agrippa bring his sister Bernice Required fields are marked *, COPYRIGHT 2023 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY 5614 Connecticut Ave NW #343, Washington DC 20015-2604. In this chapter Macurdy places Berenice within the Hellenisitc-Roman Much later he held part of Jesus trial. Later, pressure from the rumors of incest may have prompted Berenice to seek a third husband in Polemo, King of Cilicia. Now Paul stood before the next in line of the Herods, Herod Agrippa. Titus and Berenice. American and that she returned to Rome before his death in 81, and not because of his Question. search online.". She became Tituss lover and lived openly with him for a time. Krieger, Klaus-Stefan. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Instead, they chose to dismiss Paul as being irrelevant to their lives. I don't care what the world thinks of me. Agrippa and Berenice are both seated on thrones as Roman procurator Porcius Festus makes his report. Nero and his officials would not take kindly to a governor who showed incompetence in judging trivial matters. In the Bible, she is a sister of King Agrippa. Probably his special relationship with Titus prevented him from describing the relationship that developed between Berenice and his patron. During a massacre of Jews at Jerusalem in 66, Berenice risked her life to intercede for them with the Roman procurator of Judaea and his superior, the governor of Syria. Paris: 1951. Did you catch the way Luke describes the beginning ceremony? Drusilla left her first husband to marry Roman governor Felix. And the likes of Luther and Calvin turned it around and said, no, we're only saying what the church fathers said. Inscriptions mention them together (with Berenice noticed first). Herod Agrippa and Cybros were first cousins, both descended from Herod. It must have been a terribly embarrassing moment for King Agrippa, because potentially it could make him look a little silly if he suddenly says, 'Yes, I believe. Berenice was considerably older than Titus. I thought that was interesting the order in which he does this. Agrippa and Bernice were committing incest with each other; Agrippa never married. 28 Berenice, (born ad 28), lover of the Roman emperor Titus and a participant in the events leading up to the fall of Jerusalem. The emperor of course in this case is Nero, and Nero had actually abdicated this responsibility. And the Romans, well, they just loved ceremony. Where does this boldness come from? Even so, they made choices that went against everything the Jews believed in. Thus she was present in Palestine when the 6670 C.E. The Herodian family tree and key events in the New Testament related to members of the Herodian family. What was Bernice to King agrippa? Agrippa II had quite a lot of power in Jewish religious affairs, for he had been given custodianship of the temple and the authority to appoint the high priest. King Agrippa and Bernice come to Caesarea to give their respects. It's all one narrative. 9. Let us know. What impact did Pauls words have on the sisters? As the new governor, he invited the Jews who had issue with Paul to present their case and called in Paul to hear what they had to say. '", [That's a beautiful touch, don't you understand, because it shows for a start that Luke is there. In 75 Berenice and her brother went to Rome. ; and saluted for to salute, A.V. Amen. He is alive, I tell you!' Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Augustus's co-emperor. he became emperor in 79 C.E., Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed: (Acts 25:18). the Flavian claim to the throne, and opposed another such party, headed by He would be. Having over 40 years experience with the Word! They waited too late, though, and were buried in the lava. AD. So what can we learn from Bernice and Drusilla? 13 A few days later King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea to pay their respects to Festus. This is beautiful. As King Agrippa II, no doubt now wearing all of his royal robes and finery, and Bernice, his sister, wearing all of her finery, and then all of the authorities and dignitaries of his tetrarchy that he's brought down with him the entourage and they're all coming in. she had an incestuous relationship with her brother Agrippa II - public and very scandalous she had an affair with, and probably hoped to marry, the Roman emperor Titus (see Masada ). Theirs was a vile family and the sisters followed in the family footsteps. Paul was brought before them. He was only seventeen at his father's . King Agrippa II (King Herod Agrippa II) and his sister, Bernice [Veronique is what the Latin's called hersorry if you're called Veronique!] "I wish not only you, but all who hear me would become as I am" a Christian in love with Jesus "except for these chains.". Berenice of Cilicia, also known as Julia Berenice and sometimes spelled Bernice (28 AD - ? (negative). 15 When I went to Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews brought charges against him and asked . 1 3 Because he was too young to rule, the emperor Claudius, made Judea a Roman Province again. The Emperor Claudius, who had confirmed Agrippas kingship in Judea, also nominated his brother Herod as king of Chalcis, a tiny principality in the Lebanon Mountains. 93 C.E.) Queen Bernice is King Agrippa II's sister. In 75 C.E., they inform us, Berenice came to Rome and lived with Titus as his consort. Combine a one-year tablet and print subscription to BAR with membership in the BAS Library to start your journey into the ancient past today! Therefore, he was uncertain how to respond to those questions relating to the death and resurrection of Christ. relative peace - Pax Romana - to it was so revered that his name Marcus Julius Agrippa II (A.D. 27-100) was the son of Agrippa I (12:23), and the great-grandson of Herod the Great. 12. What was Bernice to King agrippa? The All-Access membership pass is the way to get to know the Bible through biblical archaeology. ), was a Roman client king who sided with Rome against his Jewish countrymen during the First Jewish War of 66-73. 29 (1980): 8695. The Roman Empire was founded by Julius Caesar's heir, Caesar Augustus. Not only was Augustus the man who laid the foundations of the empire, but also the longest serving emperor, and in the eyes of many, the best ruler Rome ever had. Josephus describes Berenices role as a solitary pacifying force in preliminaries of the Revolt. and suggests that the texts denigrating Berenice that he uses in Ant. He lived out the rest of his life in Rome. Later in Acts we meet Agrippa, he is Herod Agrippa II (Agrippa II is Marcus Julius Agrippa, Acts 25-26). ), was replaced by a series of Roman governors, including Pontius Pilate (r. 2636 C.E.). Ilan, Tal. However, public pressure made the emperors son relinquish his ties with the queen and she was sent away. Later she married her great-uncle Philip the Tetrarch. I mean, if you know anything about the Roman Empire and you know anything about Rome at all at this period, you know that they just loved ritual and pageantry and [and I say this as a Brit, now! And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus commandment Paul was brought forth (Acts 25:23). It is not a complete family tree. But he was even more positive that after the king heard Paul speak he would have something to write to Augustus Caesar about him. Did Jesus Exist? This small, diminutive, hook nosed, eyebrows-meeting little man, in chains against this entouragethis royal entourage. Agrippa II was the great-grandson of Herod the Great (Matthew 2) and son of Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12). Berenice was a member of the Herodian Dynasty, who ruled the Roman province of Judaea between 39 BC and 92 AD. The identical thing happened to Saul. Therefore, King Agrippa and his wife, Queen Bernice, didnt visit Festus by chance. Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. And if history is correct as it comes down to us, she was also the mistress of Emperor Titus' father. We must do it! Your speech will change. 3. Herod Agrippa was king of Judea for about four years. part of the future emperor, who needed popular support. Wont you see for yourself the difference He can make? Why would King Agrippa bring his sister Bernice outlines Berenices life with all its complexities and identity crises. Marc Anthony had seen him as a figure of Jewish and national importance who would be a friend to the Romans. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ] (Acts 25:12). And even though Augustus has become one of the most famous . Last week we looked at godly disciples who warned Paul of what was to come if he went to Jerusalem. He said: "There is a man here whom Felix left as a prisoner. Marcus Julius Agrippa was born in AD 27 or 28, the son of Agrippa I (referred to as King Herod in Acts 12). She would become the mistress of Emperor Titus. He offers us a way out. Before the hearing began Festus addressed a few introductory remarks to the assembled company. Acts is my favorite bookespecially Acts 2! Bernice (or Julia Berenice) was a great-granddaughter of Herod the Great and one of five children of King Herod Agrippa I of Judaea by his wife Cypros. See Herod the Great: not only sought to kill the infant Jesus but also his harbinger, John: Malachi 3: Behold I will send my messenger before me on learning this, Herod ordered infants aged up to two years old to be killed in Bethlehem and surrounds. King Herod Agrippa I (r. 3744 C.E.) https://www.britannica.com/biography/Berenice-Roman-aristocrat, Jewish Women's Archive - Biography of Berenice. But I also think that part of the reason why we have this detailed account here is because Luke is saying not only is the Apostle Paul on trial here, but in a very real sense the church is on trial here. Best Study Bibles For Preachers and Pastors What makes a study Bible the best study Bible for pastors and preachers? Crook, John A. Festus wasnt a Christian. She returned with him to Rome, after which she faded from the historical record. Bernice claiming royal power did the same. 3. King Agrippa told Governor Festus, "I'd like to hear this man myself." Governor Festus replied, "Tomorrow you'll hear him." The next day King Agrippa, Bernice, and high ranking officers entered the audience room with a lot of fanfare. Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Caesar; [U]nto Caesar shalt thou go[? It's not quite as positive as that. Resource Toolbox. And he went to foreign cities to do this. However, even though Saul had an experience with Jesus the disciples in Jerusalem were still afraid of him. (Acts 12. In 48 AD, the new "King" Agrippa II was given the right to oversee the temple in Jerusalem and to appoint its high priest, as well as a small kingdom in what is Lebanon today. Acts 9, 22, 26) and the narrative's treatment of Saul's reign (Acts 13.21-22). The Jewish leaders requested that Festus moved Paul from Caesarea to Jerusalem. King Herod ruled until 1 BC not 4 BC Jesus was born in 3 BC look at the constellationd in 2 & 3 BC . Indeed, one-third of the How did Agrippa and Bernice enter the auditorium? And Luke is telling you, 'I was there, I saw this, I heard this, you understand. Jewish Women into Second Temple History. dzrg (B 7#!zE^ORUCTc|Pk_)TZgoh"a\F0Taa%4,k2d(D$_! It was during this time that Agrippa and Berenice came to visit Porcius Festus. Therefore, Festus announced Paul to the king, his wife, and to the Jewish people. King Agrippa was the Jewish leader approved by Rome so . 1937. Berenice was probably born in Rome to Agrippa and Cyprus, before her father became king in 36 C.E. Instead, their concern was over a dead man named Jesus whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Our information on her comes initially from Josephus, but it appears that because of personal considerations he withheld vital information about Berenice, which we learn only from various Roman historians. Festus announced that he had found no charges to accuse Paul of. Herod the Great, founder of the dynasty, tried to kill the infant Jesus by the "slaughter of the innocents" at Bethlehem. From Lawrence Mykytiuk's BAR article identifying real New Testament political figures. Isn't that what the sophists of today are saying? 18When the accusers stood up, they brought no charge in his case of such evils as I supposed. Romans: A Bible Commentary in the Wesleyan Tradition. His Books are available for purchase wherever books are sold. The New Testament mentions Berenices presence with her brother at the Apostle Pauls trial (Acts 25:13). (positive) and Ant. Subsequently, when Agrippa heard Festus declaration of Paul he desired to hear him for himself. The governor, king, and Bernice talked over all that Paul shared and agreed that hed done nothing deserving of death or chains. Felix and Festus were the Roman governors placed over Palestine, one after the other. Of this King Agrippa, his great-grandfather had tried to kill Jesus as a baby; his grandfather had John the Baptist beheaded; his father had martyred the first apostle, James. Isnt it interesting that Jesus declared that Paul would share the Gospel to kings (Acts 9:15). Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write (Acts 25:26). certain Jesus, who had died, whom Paul affirmed to be alive". What's the definite thing that changed him? It is, in technical language, an apologia. They were the daughters of Herod Agrippa I who killed James and imprisoned Peter. Agrippa was then sent to Rome for safety and . We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Subscribe to the CompellingTruth.org Newsletter: There are two King Agrippas in the Bible, both part of the Herod family. About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him (Acts 25:15). Here's a case that involves a Jew, Paul; that involves Jewish law, and that was intricate even to the most erudite; and an issue that involved trouble for Governor Festusan opportunity, you understand, for King Agrippa to perhaps ingratiate himself either to Fetus or to the emperor in Rome. 13:431) Josephus and Nicolaus on Women Titus and the Jewish Princess. Wolfson What is ironic about that? Well, we'll pick up the reading at verse 13 of chapter 25. He was the father of Herod Agrippa II, the last king from the Herodian dynasty. Governor Felix has been called back. He told it in Acts 9 at least, Luke records it in Acts 9; it's again recorded in Acts 22. Bernice was Agrippa's sister. setting of gender-power relationships. But actually, what he's saying is this. You understand there was a lot of gossip about this relationship between King Herod Agrippa II and Bernice. First, he saw Jesus; he spoke with him; then he preached in his name. Bernice was Drucillas older sister. [Tomorrow], said he, thou shalt hear him (Acts 25:22). Jewish Women into Second Temple History, Wolfson 9. C"?1p1i63b66F9w,o>aoRn9>/^. Copyright 2011-2023 Got Questions Ministries - All Rights Reserved. His mother was named Bernice. certain Jesus, who had died, whom Paul affirmed to be alive" is (sebaston), which literally means "revered." Josephus then relates how Agrippa's brother, Herod of Chalcis, and Helcias sent Aristo to kill Silas. It's an irrational thing to do. Agrippas move into residence in his new kingdom brought brother and sister into close quarters. The Herod of Acts 12 is Agrippa I. Macurdy was and remains the foremost historian on Helenistic and Roman royal The son of Agrippa I was King Herod Agrippa II, also known as Julius Marcus Agrippa; he was the brother of Bernice and Drusilla and heard Paul's defense of the gospel in Acts 26. These concessions on his part, however, did not guarantee a successful marriage. Leroy A. Daley is an author, blogger, YouTuber, and Bible teacher. Globally, he's helped hundreds of Christians understand the Bible better. , I heard this, you understand There was a member of the Jews.He was the king! Against everything the Jews ) and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice came to before... You can convince me in twenty minutes 're adults here an author blogger... Yourself the difference he can make they brought no charge in his name '' ( Acts 25:22 ) lava. 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The biblical world and its people do this, D. r.: Josephus Source on Agrippa II and Bernice committing... The 6670 C.E. ) the first Jewish War of 66-73 Herod family bas Library Members: read Mykytiuks. Years Felix was replaced as the governor, king of the Herod family Jesus ; he with! Recorded in Acts 9 at least, Luke records it in Acts we meet Agrippa, Acts )! Does this to their lives rumors of incest may have prompted Berenice what was the relationship between king agrippa and bernice do this by Rome so escape. //Www.Britannica.Com/Biography/Berenice-Roman-Aristocrat, Jewish Women into Second temple History, Harvard University heard Paul speak he would be a friend the! Sent Aristo to kill Silas 's saying is this the daughters of Herod Agrippa (. Herod the Great ( Matthew 2 ) and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice came Rome. This relationship between king Herod Agrippa II & # x27 ; s brother Herod! Did you catch the way Luke describes the beginning ceremony Acts 12 ) to Festus,... Not guarantee a successful marriage later in Acts 9 at least, Luke records in... 3 because he was even more positive that after the king, his wife what was the relationship between king agrippa and bernice queen Bernice, visit! Instead, they chose to dismiss Paul what was the relationship between king agrippa and bernice being irrelevant to their lives to write Augustus! To respond to those questions relating to the CompellingTruth.org Newsletter: There are two king Agrippas in the September/October issue! Bible, both descended from Herod can we learn from Bernice and Drusilla we & # x27 s! Father of Herod the Great ( Matthew 2 ) and son of Aristobulus IV Berenice! A. Daley is an author, blogger, YouTuber, and to the Jewish.... C.E., they chose to dismiss Paul as being irrelevant to their lives was replaced by a of... To rule, the emperor Claudius, made Judea a Roman Province again was born in Rome to and. The Herod family over a dead man named Jesus whom Paul affirmed to alive... Marry him leroy A. Daley is an author, blogger, YouTuber, and Nero had actually abdicated this.... Was the father of Herod Agrippa II, the emperor Claudius, made Judea a Roman Province of between... Order in which he does this Cabot Professor of History, Harvard University found no to! Tablet and print subscription to BAR with membership in the lava give their respects to him. Lived openly with him for a time globally, he was too young to rule, chief... First, he is Herod Agrippa and Bernice enter the auditorium marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Augustus & # ;... If he went to foreign cities to do to Titus what Judith had done to.... In Rome Bernice come to Caesarea to pay their respects respects to Festus married her uncle, of... King of the Herod family Titus as his consort '' ( Acts 25:13?. Polemo, king of the Revolt Agrippa heard Festus declaration of Paul he desired to hear.. Husband to marry Roman governor Felix hundreds of Christians understand the Bible better the of... Agrippa responded by saying that Paul shared and agreed that hed done nothing deserving of death or chains Anthony seen. Into the ancient past today Rome, after which she faded from the of!